Characterization of morphogenetic intermediates and progeny of normal and alkylated bacteriophage T7.

Analysis of thin sections of Escherichia coli B cells infected by normal (nonalkylated) or alkylated bacteriophage T7 showed that alkylation altered phage morphogenesis. To understand these morphogenetic alterations, we have isolated phage-related particles from infected-cell lysates by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Cells infected by normal and by alkylated phage produced mature phage particles, empty heads, and proheads; however, production of proheads and mature phage particles was less in the case of alkylated phage. These lysates also contained sedimentable material which migrated more slowly than empty heads on sucrose gradients. In the case of alkylated phage, this peak contained radioactive material in amounts nearly equal to that in either proheads or empty heads; for normal phage, this peak represented a smaller fraction of the total radioactivity. Examination of the gradient fractions by electron microscopy revealed appreciable quantities of phage tails and tail-related particles. The same gradient fractions contained phage tail proteins: gene products (gps) 11, 12, and 17 as well as smaller amounts of gp 8, the head-tail connector. In addition, these fractions contained two other proteins which we believe to be of bacterial origin. These proteins may be related to tail formation or function as part of the phage receptor. On the basis of our data, we propose an alternative morphogenetic pathway for T7 tail formation, a pathway which would involve formation of a complex of tail proteins prior to association with the phage head.