Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
Semin Immunopathol. 2022 Nov;44(6):813-825. doi: 10.1007/s00281-022-00932-w. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
A subset of memory T cells has been identified in the liver with a tissue-resident profile and the capacity for long-term 'lockdown'. Here we review how they are retained in, and adapted to, the hepatic microenvironment, including its unique anatomical features and metabolic challenges. We describe potential interactions with other local cell types and the need for a better understanding of this complex bidirectional crosstalk. Pathogen or tumour antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T) can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance; we review the evidence for this in hepatotropic infections of major worldwide importance like hepatitis B and malaria and in liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, T can be triggered by pro-inflammatory and metabolic signals to mediate bystander tissue damage, with an emerging role in a number of liver pathologies. We discuss the need for liver sampling to gain a window into these compartmentalised T cells, allowing more accurate disease monitoring and future locally targeted immunotherapies.
已在肝脏中鉴定出具有组织驻留特征和长期“封锁”能力的记忆 T 细胞亚群。在这里，我们回顾了它们如何在肝微环境中保留和适应，包括其独特的解剖特征和代谢挑战。我们描述了与其他局部细胞类型的潜在相互作用，以及需要更好地了解这种复杂的双向串扰。病原体或肿瘤抗原特异性组织驻留记忆 T 细胞（T）可以提供快速的一线免疫监测；我们回顾了乙型肝炎和疟疾等全球重要的嗜肝感染以及肝癌等肝癌中这种情况的证据。相反，T 可以被促炎和代谢信号触发，介导旁观者组织损伤，在许多肝脏疾病中发挥着新兴作用。我们讨论了需要进行肝活检以深入了解这些区室化的 T 细胞，从而能够更准确地监测疾病并为未来的局部靶向免疫疗法提供依据。
