National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, Maryland.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 29;71(17):597-600. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7117e1.
The CDC National Center for Health Statistics' (NCHS) National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) collects and reports annual mortality statistics using U.S. death certificate data. Because of the time needed to investigate certain causes of death and to process and review death data, final annual mortality data for a given year are typically released 11 months after the end of the calendar year. Provisional data, which are based on death certificate data received but not fully reviewed by NCHS, provide an early estimate of deaths before the release of final data. NVSS routinely releases provisional mortality data for all causes of death and for deaths involving COVID-19.* This report presents an overview of provisional U.S. mortality data for 2021, including a comparison of death rates for 2020 and 2021. In 2021, approximately 3,458,697 deaths occurred in the United States. From 2020 to 2021, the age-adjusted death rate (AADR) increased by 0.7%, from 835.4 to 841.6 per 100,000 standard population. COVID-19 was reported as the underlying cause or a contributing cause in an estimated 460,513 (13.3%) of those deaths (111.4 deaths per 100,000). The highest overall death rates by age occurred among persons aged ≥85 years, and the highest overall AADRs by sex and race and ethnicity occurred among males and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) populations. COVID-19 death rates were highest among persons aged ≥85 years, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/OPI) and AI/AN populations, and males. For a second year, the top three leading causes of death by underlying cause were heart disease, cancer, and COVID-19. Provisional death estimates provide an early indication of shifts in mortality trends and can guide public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing mortality directly or indirectly associated with the pandemic and among persons most affected, including persons who are older, male, or from certain race and ethnic minority groups.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）的国家生命统计系统（NVSS）使用美国死亡证明数据收集和报告年度死亡率统计数据。由于需要时间调查某些死因以及处理和审查死亡数据，给定年份的最终年度死亡率数据通常在日历年结束后 11 个月发布。基于 NVSS 收到但尚未完全审查的死亡证明数据的临时数据，在最终数据发布之前提供了对死亡人数的早期估计。NVSS 定期发布所有死因和涉及 COVID-19 的死亡的临时死亡率数据。*本报告概述了 2021 年美国临时死亡率数据，包括 2020 年和 2021 年死亡率的比较。2021 年，美国约有 3,458,697 人死亡。从 2020 年到 2021 年，年龄调整后死亡率（AADR）增加了 0.7%，从每 10 万人标准人口 835.4 人增加到 841.6 人。在这些死亡人数中，有估计有 460,513 人（13.3%）将 COVID-19 报告为根本原因或促成原因（每 10 万人中有 111.4 人死亡）。按年龄划分的总体死亡率最高的是年龄≥85 岁的人群，按性别和种族和民族划分的总体 AADR 最高的是男性和非西班牙裔美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）和非西班牙裔黑种人或非裔美国人（黑人）人群。年龄≥85 岁、非西班牙裔夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民（NH/OPI）和 AI/AN 人群以及男性的 COVID-19 死亡率最高。第二年，按根本原因划分的三大死因是心脏病、癌症和 COVID-19。临时死亡估计数提供了死亡率趋势变化的早期迹象，并可以指导旨在直接或间接减少与大流行相关的死亡率以及受影响最大的人群（包括年龄较大、男性或来自某些种族和少数民族群体的人群）的公共卫生政策和干预措施。
