School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 1;306:119343. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119343. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
In this study, an interval two-stage fuzzy fractional programming (TFFP) method is developed to facilitate collaborative governance of economy and water resources. Methods of interval programming, fuzzy programming, two-stage programming, and fractional programming are integrated within a general system optimization framework. The main contribution of TFFP is simultaneously addressing various uncertainties and tackling trade-offs between environmental and economic objectives in the optimized schemes for water resources allocation. A case study of a highly urbanized coastal city (i.e., Shenzhen) in China is provided as an example for demonstrating the proposed approach. According to the results, industrial sectors should receive 34.8% of total water supply, while agricultural sectors should receive 1.5%. For the spatial allocation of water resources, Bao An, Long Gang, and Fu Tian districts should be allocated 21.6%, 20.5%, and 14.8% water to promote the economic development. The discharge analysis indicates that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) would be key pollutants. Moreover, the optimized seawater desalination volume would be negligibly influenced by price, while the upper bounds of desalination would be increased with the raising acceptable credibility levels in the period of 2031-2035. Analysis of desalination prices also reveals that the decision-makers should increase the scale of desalination in the period of 2021-2025. In addition, the effectiveness and applicability of TFFP would be evaluated under economic maximization scenarios. The result showed that the economic maximization scenario could obtain higher economic benefits, but it would be accompanied by a larger number of pollutant discharges. It is expected that this study will provide solid bases for planning water resources management systems in coastal regions.
本研究提出了一种区间两阶段模糊分数规划（TFFP）方法，以促进经济与水资源的协同治理。该方法将区间规划、模糊规划、两阶段规划和分数规划方法集成在一个通用的系统优化框架中。TFFP 的主要贡献在于，它可以同时解决各种不确定性问题，并在水资源分配的优化方案中处理环境和经济目标之间的权衡问题。以中国一个高度城市化的沿海城市（即深圳）为例，对所提出的方法进行了验证。结果表明，工业部门应获得总供水量的 34.8%，而农业部门应获得 1.5%。在水资源的空间分配方面，宝安区、龙岗区和福田区应分别分配 21.6%、20.5%和 14.8%的水资源，以促进经济发展。排放分析表明，化学需氧量（COD）和总磷（TP）将是主要污染物。此外，海水淡化量的优化结果受价格影响较小，而在 2031-2035 年期间，可接受置信度水平的提高将增加淡化的上限。对淡化价格的分析还表明，决策者应在 2021-2025 年期间增加淡化规模。此外，还将在经济最大化情景下评估 TFFP 的有效性和适用性。结果表明，经济最大化情景可以获得更高的经济效益，但伴随着更多的污染物排放。本研究有望为沿海地区水资源管理系统规划提供坚实的基础。
