mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: a review focusing on clinically applicable drugs.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 () mutations, the most frequently detected genetic aberrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are identified in approximately 30% of patients with newly diagnosed AML and are more common in patients with normal karyotypes. Since the discovery of mutations in AML, clinical trials have been actively conducted in patients with mutated AML, and inhibitors have been introduced into clinical practice. The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed -mutated AML is 7+3 induction chemotherapy combined with midostaurin. Additionally, gilteritinib is more effective than salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory -mutated AML. Ongoing trials are expected to provide additional treatment options depending on the disease state and patient vulnerability. This review summarizes information on clinically available inhibitors for the management of AML with mutations.