Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2022 Jul;84(5):1726-1733. doi: 10.3758/s13414-022-02474-7. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
The ability to evaluate the number of elements in a set-numerosity-without symbolic representation is a form of primitive perceptual intelligence. A simple binomial model was proposed to explain how observers discriminate the numerical proportion between two sets of elements distinct in color or orientation (Raidvee et al., 2017, Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 79[1], 267-282). The binomial model's only parameter β is the probability with which each visual element can be noticed and registered by the perceptual system. Here we analyzed the response times (RT) which were ignored in the previous report since there were no instructions concerning response speed. The relationship between the mean RT and the absolute difference |ΔN| between numbers of elements in two sets was described by a linear regression, the slope of which became flatter as the total number of elements N increased. Because the coefficients of regression between the mean RT and |ΔN| were more directly related to the binomial probability β rather than to the standard deviation of the best fitting cumulative normal distribution, it was regarded as evidence that the binomial model with a single parameter - probability β - is a viable alternative to the customary Thurstonian-Gaussian model.
不借助符号表示来评估集合中元素数量的能力是一种原始感知智能形式。一项简单的二项式模型被提出，用以解释观察者如何区分两个在颜色或方向上不同的元素集之间的数值比例（Raidvee 等人，2017，《注意、感知与心理物理学》，79[1]，267-282）。二项式模型的唯一参数β是每个视觉元素被感知系统注意和记录的概率。在这里，我们分析了先前报告中忽略的反应时间（RT），因为没有关于反应速度的指示。平均 RT 与两个集合中元素数量的绝对差值 |ΔN| 之间的关系用线性回归来描述，随着元素总数 N 的增加，其斜率变得更加平坦。因为回归系数之间的平均 RT 和 |ΔN| 更直接地与二项式概率β相关，而不是与最佳拟合累积正态分布的标准差相关，所以这被认为是证据表明，具有单一参数 - 概率β - 的二项式模型是对惯用的 Thurstonian-Gaussian 模型的可行替代方案。
