Bravo M J, Nakayama K
Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115.
Percept Psychophys. 1992 May;51(5):465-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03211642.
Observers viewed displays containing a variable number of distractors of one color and a target of another color. In some experiments, the target and distractors maintained their color from trial to trial; in others, they reversed unpredictably. Observers made a speeded two-choice judgment concerning either the presence, the color, or the shape of the odd-colored target. With only one exception, all of these conditions produced the same pattern of results: reaction times remained constant as the number of distractors increased. The exceptional result occurred when observers judged the shape of the odd-colored target and the color of the target and distractors reversed unpredictably. In this case, reaction times decreased as the number of distractors increased. These results are interpreted in terms of the attentional requirements of the different judgments and the mechanisms that guide attention.
观察者观看包含不同数量的一种颜色的干扰物和另一种颜色的目标物的显示。在一些实验中，目标物和干扰物在每次试验中保持其颜色；在其他实验中，它们会不可预测地反转。观察者对异色目标物的存在、颜色或形状进行快速的二选一判断。除了一个例外，所有这些条件都产生了相同的结果模式：随着干扰物数量的增加，反应时间保持不变。当观察者判断异色目标物的形状且目标物和干扰物的颜色不可预测地反转时，出现了例外结果。在这种情况下，随着干扰物数量的增加，反应时间缩短。这些结果根据不同判断的注意力需求和引导注意力的机制进行了解释。
