Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Cancer Biol Med. 2022 Apr 28;19(8):1224-34. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0642.
Epidemiological studies indicate that alcohol increases gastric cancer (GC) risk, yet most studies have focused on heavy alcohol intake, leaving other factors understudied. A comprehensive investigation of the effects of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake may help elucidate the GC risk associated with drinking behavior.
The Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study, a community-based large-scale prospective cohort study, enrolled Korean adults 40-69 years of age between the years 2004 and 2013. Incident GC cases were identified through linkage to Korea Central Cancer Registry data until December 31, 2017. Self-reported questionnaires were used to survey alcohol consumption-related factors (duration, frequency, amount, and type of alcoholic beverages). The frequency and amount of alcohol consumption were combined to explore GC risk according to 4 drinking patterns: "infrequent-light", "frequent-light", "infrequent-heavy", and "frequent-heavy". We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and investigate the relationship between alcohol intake and GC incidence.
A total of 128,218 participants were included in the analysis. During an average follow-up period of 8.6 years, 462 men and 385 women were diagnosed with GC. In men, current drinkers showed a 31% greater risk of GC than non-drinkers (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.66), whereas no significant association was observed in women. In men, GC risk was associated with a higher frequency ( trend 0.02) and dose of ethanol intake in grams ( trend 0.03). In men, the "frequent-light" (≥5 times/week and <40 g ethanol/day) drinking pattern was associated with a 46% greater risk of GC (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.07) than the "infrequent-light" pattern (<5 times/week and <40 g ethanol/day).
This study suggests that frequent intake of alcohol, even in low quantities per session, increases GC risk. Further research is warranted to evaluate the relationship between alcohol and GC in detail.
流行病学研究表明，酒精会增加胃癌（GC）的风险，但大多数研究都集中在大量饮酒上，而其他因素则研究不足。全面调查饮酒频率和饮酒量的影响可能有助于阐明与饮酒行为相关的 GC 风险。
健康体检者-基因组（HEXA-G）研究是一项基于社区的大型前瞻性队列研究，于 2004 年至 2013 年间招募了年龄在 40-69 岁的韩国成年人。通过与韩国中央癌症登记处的数据进行链接，直到 2017 年 12 月 31 日，确定了 GC 病例。使用自我报告的调查问卷调查了与饮酒相关的因素（持续时间、频率、量和酒精饮料类型）。根据 4 种饮酒模式（“不频繁-轻度”、“频繁-轻度”、“不频繁-重度”和“频繁-重度”），将饮酒频率和量结合起来，探讨 GC 风险。我们使用 Cox 比例风险模型来估计调整后的危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并调查饮酒与 GC 发生率之间的关系。
共有 128218 名参与者纳入分析。在平均 8.6 年的随访期间，462 名男性和 385 名女性被诊断为 GC。在男性中，现饮者比非饮者发生 GC 的风险增加 31%（HR 1.31，95%CI 1.03-1.66），而女性中未观察到显著相关性。在男性中，GC 风险与较高的饮酒频率（趋势 0.02）和乙醇摄入量（趋势 0.03）呈正相关。在男性中，“频繁轻度”（≥5 次/周且<40g 乙醇/天）饮酒模式与 GC 风险增加 46%相关（HR 1.46，95%CI 1.02-2.07），高于“不频繁轻度”模式（<5 次/周且<40g 乙醇/天）。
本研究表明，即使每次饮酒量较低，频繁饮酒也会增加 GC 的风险。需要进一步研究来详细评估酒精与 GC 之间的关系。
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