Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
College of medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;150:113009. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113009. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a quickly aggressive hematopoietic disorder that progress due to the accumulation and clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. Despite the latest developments in AML treatment, repeated relapses and drug resistance remain one of the major challenges in treatment of leukemia. Currently, it is well known that the components of the tumor microenvironment such as cellular and non-cellular elements play a critical function in treatment failures of AML, also they are most common cause of complications including suppression of hematopoiesis. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention due to their important role in inter-cellular communication in health and disease. Exosomes participate in the survival and chemoresistance of many leukemia through transferring their rich cargos of molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, and cytokines. The key producers of exosomes that mainly participate to AML pathogenesis are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and AML cell themselves. These cells release an enormous number of exosomes that affect several target cells such as natural killer (NK) and hematopoietic stem cells to the development of leukemia proliferation and progression. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature has been done to briefly discuss the biology of exosomes and highlight the role of exosomes derived from AML in the progress of acute myeloid leukemia.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种迅速进展的造血系统疾病，其发病机制是不成熟髓系细胞的积累和克隆性扩张。尽管 AML 的治疗方法在不断发展，但反复复发和耐药仍然是治疗白血病的主要挑战之一。目前，众所周知，肿瘤微环境的组成部分，如细胞和非细胞成分，在 AML 治疗失败中发挥着关键作用，也是导致包括造血抑制在内的并发症的最常见原因。外泌体是一种膜结合的细胞外囊泡（EVs），它可以传递信号分子，由于其在健康和疾病中细胞间通讯中的重要作用，引起了广泛关注。外泌体通过传递其富含的分子，如 miRNA、生长因子和细胞因子，参与许多白血病的存活和化疗耐药。主要参与 AML 发病机制的外泌体的关键产生者是骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）和 AML 细胞本身。这些细胞释放大量的外泌体，影响自然杀伤（NK）和造血干细胞等几个靶细胞，从而促进白血病的增殖和进展。在本研究中，对文献进行了全面综述，简要讨论了外泌体的生物学特性，并强调了 AML 来源的外泌体在急性髓系白血病进展中的作用。
