Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;150:113032. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113032. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (NB), we noticed that the single compound treatment with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat led to a reprogramming of the glycolytic pathway in these cells. This reprogramming was upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), allowing the cells to generate ATP, albeit at a reduced rate. This behavior was dependent on reduced levels of MYCN and a corresponding increase in the levels of PPARD transcription factors. By integrating metabolic and functional studies in NB cells and mouse xenografts, we demonstrate a compensatory upregulation of FAO/OXPHOS metabolism that promotes resistance to HDAC inhibitors. From the additional compounds that could reverse this metabolic reprogramming, the mTORC1 inhibitor sirolimus was selected. Besides both a block of glycolysis and OXPHOS, the HDAC/mTORC1 inhibitor combination produced significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated cells and in xenograft tumor samples, also a consequence of increased glycolytic block. The lead compounds were also tested for changes in the message levels of the glycolytic enzymes and their pathway activity, and HK2 and GPI glycolytic enzymes were most affected at their RNA message level. This combination was seen with no overall toxicity in treated mice in terms of weight loss or liver/kidney function.
在 MYCN 扩增型神经母细胞瘤 (NB) 中,我们注意到单一化合物组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂伏立诺他处理会导致这些细胞糖酵解途径的重新编程。这种重新编程表现为脂肪酸氧化 (FAO) 和氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS) 的上调,使细胞能够产生 ATP,尽管速度较慢。这种行为依赖于 MYCN 水平的降低和 PPARD 转录因子水平的相应增加。通过整合 NB 细胞和小鼠异种移植中的代谢和功能研究,我们证明了 FAO/OXPHOS 代谢的代偿性上调促进了对 HDAC 抑制剂的耐药性。在可以逆转这种代谢重编程的其他化合物中,选择了 mTORC1 抑制剂西罗莫司。除了抑制糖酵解和 OXPHOS 之外,HDAC/mTORC1 抑制剂联合使用还会在处理过的细胞和异种移植肿瘤样本中产生更高水平的活性氧 (ROS),这也是增加糖酵解阻断的结果。还测试了先导化合物对糖酵解酶及其途径活性的 mRNA 水平的变化,HK2 和 GPI 糖酵解酶在其 RNA 水平上受到的影响最大。在接受治疗的小鼠中,这种组合在体重减轻或肝/肾功能方面没有整体毒性。
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