Brejchova Kristyna, Paluchova Veronika, Brezinova Marie, Cajka Tomas, Balas Laurence, Durand Thierry, Krizova Marcela, Stranak Zbynek, Kuda Ondrej
Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 12108 Praha, Czech Republic.
Food Chem. 2022 Sep 15;388:132983. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132983. Epub 2022 Apr 15.
Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.
母乳是一种含有尚未充分研究的生物活性脂质的复杂混合物。我们进行了一项观察性病例对照研究，以比较分娩方式（剖宫产和顺产）以及孕周（早产和足月产）对哺乳期不同阶段母乳中脂肪因子水平的影响。对母乳的代谢组学分析确定，甘油三酯雌酮内酯是抗炎脂质介质羟基硬脂酸5-棕榈酸酯（5-PAHSA）的代谢储存库。我们发现甘油三酯雌酮内酯是羧基酯酶的底物，在测试的甘油三酯雌酮内酯异构体中，含5-PAHSA的脂质是最不被优先选择的底物。这就解释了顺产组初乳中5-PAHSA水平异常高的原因。剖宫产和早产对初乳脂质组有负面影响，包括5-PAHSA水平，但成熟乳中的脂质组学特征恢复正常。顺产足月儿的母亲所分泌的初乳富含5-PAHSA，这可能有助于预防新生儿肠道炎症。
