School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin, DO2 T283, Ireland.
Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne (Vic), Australia.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2022 Jun;25(3):641-653. doi: 10.1007/s00737-022-01231-x. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
The international perinatal literature focuses on depression in the postpartum period. Prevalence and pathways of depression, anxiety and stress from pregnancy through the first postpartum year are seldom investigated.
MAMMI is a prospective cohort study of 3009 first-time mothers recruited in pregnancy. Depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21) in pregnancy and at 3-, 6-, 9- and/or 12-months postpartum.
Prevalence of depressive and stress symptoms was lowest in pregnancy, increasing to 12-months postpartum. Anxiety symptoms remained relatively stable over time. In the first year after having their first baby, one in ten women reported moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (9.5%), 14.2% reported depression symptoms, and one in five stress symptoms (19.2%). Sociodemographic factors associated with increased odds of postpartum depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were younger age and being born in a non-EU country; socioeconomic factors were not living with a partner, not having postgraduate education and being unemployed during pregnancy. Retrospective reporting of poor mental health in the year prior to pregnancy and symptoms during pregnancy were strongly associated with poor postpartum mental health.
The current findings suggest that the current model of 6-week postpartum care in Ireland is insufficient to detect and provide adequate support for women's mental health needs, with long-term implications for women and children.
国际围产期文献主要关注产后期间的抑郁症。从怀孕到产后第一年，很少研究抑郁症、焦虑症和压力的患病率和途径。
MAMMI 是一项前瞻性队列研究，共招募了 3009 名首次怀孕的母亲。在怀孕期间和产后 3、6、9 和/或 12 个月使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS 21）测量抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。
怀孕时抑郁和压力症状的患病率最低，产后 12 个月时增加。焦虑症状随时间相对稳定。在生下第一个孩子的第一年，十分之一的女性报告有中度/重度焦虑症状（9.5%）、14.2%报告有抑郁症状，五分之一有压力症状（19.2%）。与产后抑郁、焦虑和压力症状发生几率增加相关的社会人口因素是年龄较小和出生在非欧盟国家；社会经济因素是怀孕期间没有伴侣、没有研究生学历和失业。怀孕前一年和怀孕期间回顾性报告的心理健康状况不佳与产后心理健康状况不佳密切相关。
目前的研究结果表明，爱尔兰目前的产后 6 周护理模式不足以发现和为女性的心理健康需求提供足够的支持，这对妇女和儿童都有长期影响。
