Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Duanjiatan Road #1272, Lanzhou 730020, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 20;835:155522. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155522. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Ibuprofen (IBU) and naproxen (NPX) are commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with high-risk quotients and are frequently detected in various aquatic environments. A weak electrostimulated biofilm not only had improved removal efficiencies to IBU and NPX, but also transformed different enantiomers with comparable efficiency and without configuration inversion. IBU was transformed mainly by oxidation (hydroxyl-IBU, carboxy-IBU), while NPX was mainly detoxified. The microbial analysis of IBU and NPX biofilm showed that the shared core consortia (> 1%) contained typical electro-active bacteria (Geobacter, Desulfovibrio), fermenters (Petrimonas, Acetobacterium) and potential degraders (Pandoraea, Nocardiaceae), which exhibited synergistic interactions by exchanging the additional electrons, H, coenzyme NAD(H) or NAD(P) (H) and energy. The fungal community has a significant correlation to those core bacteria and they may also play transformation roles with their diverse enzymes. Plenty of nonspecific oxidoreductase, decarboxylase, hydrolase, cytochrome P450, and other enzymes relating to xenobiotic degradation were high-abundance encoded by the core consortia and could potentially participate in IBU and NPX biotransformation. This study offers new insights into the functional microbes and enzymes working on complex NSAIDs biotransformation and provided a feasible strategy for the enhanced removal of NSAIDs (especially IBU and NPX).
布洛芬（IBU）和萘普生（NPX）是常用的非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs），具有高风险系数，经常在各种水生环境中被检测到。一个弱电刺激生物膜不仅提高了对 IBU 和 NPX 的去除效率，而且以相当的效率和没有构型反转转化了不同的对映异构体。IBU 主要通过氧化（羟基-IBU、羧基-IBU）转化，而 NPX 主要被解毒。IBU 和 NPX 生物膜的微生物分析表明，共享的核心菌群（>1%）包含典型的电活性细菌（地杆菌、脱硫弧菌）、发酵菌（皮特莫纳斯、乙酸菌）和潜在的降解菌（潘多拉菌、诺卡氏菌科），它们通过交换额外的电子、H、辅酶 NAD（H）或 NAD（P）（H）和能量，表现出协同相互作用。真菌群落与这些核心细菌有显著的相关性，它们也可能通过其多样化的酶发挥转化作用。大量与异生物质降解有关的非特异性氧化还原酶、脱羧酶、水解酶、细胞色素 P450 等酶由核心菌群高度编码，可能参与 IBU 和 NPX 的生物转化。本研究为复杂 NSAIDs 生物转化的功能微生物和酶提供了新的见解，并为增强 NSAIDs（尤其是 IBU 和 NPX）的去除提供了可行的策略。
