Copper exposure for 30 days at a daily dose twice the recommended increases blood pressure and cardiac contractility.

UNLABELLED

Copper is an essential factor for the body's homeostasis. However, excess copper compromises organic functions.

AIMS

We investigated the effects of copper exposure for 30 days on blood pressure (BP) and cardiac contractility and the putative involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species.

MAIN METHODS

Wistar rats (12 weeks old, 280 g) were randomized to the treated group that was exposed for 30 days to copper (2000 μg/kg/day CuCl) and the control (Ct) group that received intraperitoneal saline (0.9%).

KEY FINDINGS

The blood concentration of copper was ~1.26 μg/mL in the copper-exposed group and ~0.024 μg/mL in the Ct group. The main metal accumulations occurred in the liver and kidneys. Copper exposure increased systolic BP (Cu: 141 ± 3 mmHg; Ct: 133 ± 3 mmHg) (tail cuff method), left ventricular systolic pressure and papillary muscle force. Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was reduced. The contractile response to Ca was increased by copper, and the effect was not altered by L-NAME. Copper increased contractions dependent on sarcolemmal Ca influx, and this effect was not altered by L-NAME. The percentage response to isoproterenol decreased in the copper-exposed group, but L-NAME did not alter this reduction. Papillary force development at the peak and plateau of tetanic contractions also increased after copper exposure, but this effect was not altered by L-NAME. In situ detection of OH local production increased.

SIGNIFICANCE

Copper increased BP and cardiac force, increased Ca inflow, reduced Ca reuptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and increased OH local production. Copper exposure at doses considered tolerable affects cardiac contractility.