系统表征和比较牛膝及其三个类似种中的皂苷。
Systematical characterization and comparison of saponins in Achyranthes bidentata Blume and its three analogous species.
机构信息
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Phytochem Anal. 2022 Jul;33(5):766-775. doi: 10.1002/pca.3128. Epub 2022 May 1.
INTRODUCTION
Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) has been used for a long time and is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition. It is commonly confused with Achyranthes aspera Linn (AA), Cyathula officinalis Kuan (CO) and Cyathula capitata (Wall.) Moq. (CC), belonging to the Achyranthes and Cyathula genera of the Amaranthaceae family. It is of great significance to recognize and distinguish chemical components of AB, AA, CO and CC.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for in-depth characterization and comparison of saponins in AB, AA, CO and CC.
METHODS
The extracts of AB, AA, CO and CC were analyzed by an RP × RP (C18 × Phenyl-Hexyl) 2D LC system, eluted by acidic × ion pair mobile phases and detected by high resolution mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of saponins were elucidated and proposed according to reference compounds or literature reports.
RESULTS
As a result, 839 saponins consisting of 81, 415, 99 and 392 components corresponding to AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively, were characterized, including 594 potentially new saponins. Meanwhile, 29 kinds of aglycones were elucidated, among which 25 were new ones. Besides, 14, 91, 37 and 174 characteristic potential quality markers with MS intensities exceeding 10,000 were found in AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This comprehensive study not only expands our knowledge of the types of saponins in Achyranthes and Cyathula, but also reveals the differences among four kinds of analogous herbs (AB, AA, CO and CC), which facilitates the quality control of these herbal medicines in the future.
简介
牛膝（AB）在《中国药典》2020 年版中已有记载，长期以来一直被使用。它常与土牛膝（AA）、川牛膝（CO）和头花蒽草（CC）混淆，它们都属于苋科牛膝属和头花蒽草属。认识和区分 AB、AA、CO 和 CC 的化学成分具有重要意义。
目的
本研究旨在建立一种深入分析和比较 AB、AA、CO 和 CC 中皂苷的分析方法。
方法
采用 RP×RP（C18×Phenyl-Hexyl）二维液相色谱系统，以酸性×离子对流动相洗脱，高分辨质谱检测，分析 AB、AA、CO 和 CC 的提取物。根据对照品或文献报道，解析并提出皂苷的裂解模式。
结果
共鉴定了 839 种皂苷，分别对应 AB、AA、CO 和 CC 的 81、415、99 和 392 个组分，其中包括 594 种潜在的新皂苷。同时，解析了 29 种苷元，其中 25 种为新化合物。此外，在 AB、AA、CO 和 CC 中分别发现了 14、91、37 和 174 种特征潜在质量标志物，其 MS 强度均超过 10,000。
结论
本研究不仅扩展了我们对牛膝属和头花蒽草属皂苷类型的认识，还揭示了四种类似草药（AB、AA、CO 和 CC）之间的差异，为今后这些草药的质量控制提供了依据。
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