丹参酮IIA、鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸、黄芩素和甘草次酸在计算和深入研究方面的抗SARS-CoV-2活性。
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of tanshinone IIA, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid, baicalein, and glycyrrhetinic acid between computational and insights.
作者信息
Elebeedy Dalia, Elkhatib Walid F, Kandeil Ahmed, Ghanem Aml, Kutkat Omnia, Alnajjar Radwan, Saleh Marwa A, Abd El Maksoud Ahmed I, Badawy Ingy, Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A
机构信息
College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt.
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St. Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt.
出版信息
RSC Adv. 2021 Sep 1;11(47):29267-29286. doi: 10.1039/d1ra05268c.
Six compounds namely, tanshinone IIA (1), carnosic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), salvianolic acid B (4), baicalein (5), and glycyrrhetinic acid (6) were screened for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities against both the spike (S) and main protease (Mpro) receptors using molecular docking studies. Molecular docking recommended the superior affinities of both salvianolic acid B (4) and glycyrrhetinic acid (6) as the common results from the previously published computational articles. On the other hand, their actual anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were tested using plaque reduction assay to calculate their IC values after measuring their CC values using MTT assay on Vero E6 cells. Surprisingly, tanshinone IIA (1) was the most promising member with IC equals 4.08 ng μl. Also, both carnosic acid (2) and rosmarinic acid (3) showed promising IC values of 15.37 and 25.47 ng μl, respectively. However, salvianolic acid (4) showed a weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with an IC value equals 58.29 ng μl. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns were performed for the most active compound from the computational point of view (salvianolic acid 4), besides, the most active one biologically (tanshinone IIA 1) on both the S and Mpro complexes of them (four different molecular dynamics processes) to confirm the docking results and give more insights regarding the stability of both compounds inside the SARS-CoV-2 mentioned receptors, respectively. Also, to understand the mechanism of action for the tested compounds towards SARS-CoV-2 inhibition it was necessary to examine the mode of action for the most two promising compounds, tanshinone IIA (1) and carnosic acid (2). Both compounds (1 and 2) showed very promising virucidal activity with a most prominent inhibitory effect on viral adsorption rather than its replication. This recommended the predicted activity of the two compounds against the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 rather than its Mpro protein. Our results could be very promising to rearrange the previously mentioned compounds based on their actual inhibitory activities towards SARS-CoV-2 and to search for the reasons behind the great differences between their and results against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we recommend further advanced preclinical and clinical studies especially for tanshinone IIA (1) to be rapidly applied in COVID-19 management either alone or in combination with carnosic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), and/or salvianolic acid (4).
通过分子对接研究,对丹参酮IIA(1)、肌醇六磷酸(2)、迷迭香酸(3)、丹酚酸B(4)、黄芩素(5)和甘草次酸(6)这六种化合物针对刺突(S)和主要蛋白酶(Mpro)受体的抗SARS-CoV-2活性进行了筛选。分子对接表明,丹酚酸B(4)和甘草次酸(6)具有较高的亲和力,这与之前发表的计算文章的共同结果一致。另一方面,在Vero E6细胞上使用MTT法测量它们的CC值后,通过蚀斑减少试验测试了它们实际的抗SARS-CoV-2活性,以计算它们的IC值。令人惊讶的是,丹参酮IIA(1)是最有前景的成员,IC值为4.08 ng μl。此外,肌醇六磷酸(2)和迷迭香酸(3)的IC值也很有前景,分别为15.37和25.47 ng μl。然而,丹酚酸(4)的抗SARS-CoV-2活性较弱,IC值为58.29 ng μl。此外,从计算角度来看,对最具活性的化合物(丹酚酸4)以及生物学上最具活性的化合物(丹参酮IIA 1)针对它们的S和Mpro复合物进行了100 ns的分子动力学模拟(四个不同的分子动力学过程),以确认对接结果,并分别深入了解这两种化合物在SARS-CoV-2上述受体中的稳定性。此外,为了了解测试化合物对SARS-CoV-2抑制作用的作用机制,有必要研究最有前景的两种化合物丹参酮IIA(1)和肌醇六磷酸(2)的作用方式。这两种化合物(1和2)均显示出非常有前景的杀病毒活性,对病毒吸附的抑制作用最为显著,而非对其复制的抑制作用。这表明这两种化合物对SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白而非其Mpro蛋白具有预测活性。我们的结果对于根据它们对SARS-CoV-2的实际抑制活性重新排列上述化合物,并寻找它们对SARS-CoV-2的 和 结果存在巨大差异的原因可能非常有前景。最后,我们建议进一步开展深入的临床前和临床研究,特别是针对丹参酮IIA(1),以便其能单独或与肌醇六磷酸(2)、迷迭香酸(3)和/或丹酚酸(4)联合迅速应用于COVID-19的治疗。