Watson W A
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1987 Feb;21(2):160-6.
The use of activated charcoal as part of the treatment of intoxicated patients has increased dramatically over the last ten years. Activated charcoal is currently suggested as therapy to prevent the absorption of orally ingested compounds, and is gaining popularity as a method of increasing systemic drug clearance. This review presents variables that should be considered when activated charcoal is used in the treatment of intoxicated patients. Variables that may alter the efficacy of charcoal therapy include the preparation and dose of charcoal used, the intoxicants involved, stomach contents, the gastrointestinal pH, concurrently administered materials, and time from toxin ingestion to charcoal administration. As a general guideline, a single, large dose should be administered with a cathartic as soon as possible after oral ingestion to prevent drug absorption. When charcoal is used to enhance systemic drug clearance, the dosage regimen should be individualized, based on the drugs involved and the patient's gastrointestinal tract function, fluid and electrolyte status, and the severity of intoxication.
在过去十年中，使用活性炭作为中毒患者治疗的一部分的情况急剧增加。目前建议使用活性炭作为预防口服摄入化合物吸收的疗法，并且作为增加全身药物清除率的一种方法越来越受欢迎。这篇综述介绍了在使用活性炭治疗中毒患者时应考虑的变量。可能改变活性炭疗法疗效的变量包括所用活性炭的制剂和剂量、所涉及的毒物、胃内容物、胃肠道pH值、同时服用的物质以及从毒素摄入到给予活性炭的时间。作为一般指导原则，口服摄入后应尽快给予单一的大剂量活性炭并加用泻药，以防止药物吸收。当使用活性炭来提高全身药物清除率时，给药方案应根据所涉及的药物、患者的胃肠道功能、液体和电解质状况以及中毒的严重程度进行个体化调整。
