Chlapoutakis Serafeim, Georgakopoulou Vasiliki Epameinondas, Trakas Nikolaos, Kouvelos Georgios, Papalexis Petros, Damaskos Christos, Sklapani Pagona, Grivas Anastasios, Gouveris Panagiotis, Tryfonopoulos Dimitrios, Tzovaras Alexandros, Ardavanis-Loukeris Gerasimos, Grouzi Elissavet, Spandidos Demetrios A, Matsagkas Miltiadis
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Agios Savvas Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece.
Pulmonology Department, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Oncol Lett. 2022 May;23(5):168. doi: 10.3892/ol.2022.13288. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Pulmonary embolism (PE), along with deep vein thrombosis, are collectively known as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Predisposing factors for PE include post-operative conditions, pregnancy, cancer and an advanced age; of note, a number of genetic mutations have been found to be associated with an increased risk of PE. The association between cancer and VTE is well-established, and cancer patients present a higher risk of a thrombotic event compared to the general population. In addition, PE is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiology features and outcomes of cancer patients who developed PE, collected from an anticancer hospital. For this purpose, adult cancer patients diagnosed with PE by imaging with computed tomography pulmonary angiography were enrolled. The following data were recorded: Demographics, comorbidities, type of cancer, time interval between cancer diagnosis and PE occurrence, the type of therapy received and the presence of metastases, clinical signs and symptoms, predisposing factors for PE development, laboratory data, radiological findings, electrocardiography findings, and the type of therapy received for PE and outcomes in a follow-up period of 6 months. In total, 60 cancer patients were enrolled. The majority of the cancer patients were males. The most common type of cancer observed was lung cancer. The majority of cases of PE occurred within the first year from the time of cancer diagnosis, while the majority of patients had already developed metastases. In addition, the majority of cancer patients had received chemotherapy over the past month, while they were not receiving anticoagulants and had central obstruction. A large proportion of patients had asymptomatic PE. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.3% and no relapse or mortality were observed during the follow-up period. The present study demonstrates that elevated levels of lactic acid and an increased platelet count, as well as low serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, albumin and D-dimer, may be potential biomarkers for asymptomatic PE among cancer patients.
肺栓塞（PE）与深静脉血栓形成统称为静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。PE的诱发因素包括术后状态、妊娠、癌症和高龄；值得注意的是，已发现一些基因突变与PE风险增加有关。癌症与VTE之间的关联已得到充分证实，与普通人群相比，癌症患者发生血栓事件的风险更高。此外，PE是癌症患者发病和死亡的重要原因。本研究的目的是阐明从一家抗癌医院收集的发生PE的癌症患者的临床特征、实验室检查结果、放射学特征和预后。为此，纳入了通过计算机断层扫描肺动脉造影成像诊断为PE的成年癌症患者。记录了以下数据：人口统计学资料、合并症、癌症类型、癌症诊断与PE发生之间的时间间隔、接受的治疗类型和转移情况、临床体征和症状、PE发生的诱发因素、实验室数据、放射学检查结果、心电图检查结果，以及PE接受的治疗类型和6个月随访期内的预后。总共纳入了60例癌症患者。大多数癌症患者为男性。观察到的最常见癌症类型是肺癌。大多数PE病例发生在癌症诊断后的第一年内，而大多数患者已经发生了转移。此外，大多数癌症患者在过去一个月内接受了化疗，当时他们未接受抗凝治疗且存在中心阻塞。很大一部分患者有无症状PE。住院死亡率为13.3%，随访期间未观察到复发或死亡。本研究表明，乳酸水平升高、血小板计数增加以及癌胚抗原、白蛋白和D-二聚体血清水平降低可能是癌症患者无症状PE的潜在生物标志物。
