Wu Leliang, Lin Yiting, Zhang Yimin, Wang Peng, Ding Mingjun, Nie Minghua, Yan Caixia, Chen Shiyao
School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource Beijing 100037 China.
RSC Adv. 2021 Oct 14;11(53):33626-33636. doi: 10.1039/d1ra05286a. eCollection 2021 Oct 8.
Alkaline substances could activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the removal of organic pollutants, but relatively high alkali consumption is generally required, which can cause too high pH of the solution after the reaction and lead to secondary pollution. Within this study, PMS activated by a relatively low dosage of Ca(OH) (1 mM) exhibited excellent efficiency in the removal of bisphenol S (BPS). The pH of the solution declined to almost neutral (pH = 8.2) during the reaction period and conformed to the direct emission standards (pH = 6-9). In a typical case, BPS was completely degraded within 240 min and followed the kinetics of pseudo-first-order. The degradation efficiency of BPS depended on the operating parameters, such as the Ca(OH), PMS and BPS dosages, initial solution pH, reaction temperature, co-existing anions, humic acid (HA), and water matrices. Quenching experiments were performed to verify that singlet oxygen (O) and superoxide radicals (O˙) were the predominant ROS. Degradation of BPS has been significantly accelerated as the temperature increased. Furthermore, degradation of BPS could be maintained at a high level across a broad range of pH values (5.3-11.15). The SO , NO did not significantly impact the degradation of BPS, however, both HCO and HA inhibited oxidation of BPS by the Ca(OH)/PMS system, and Cl had a dual-edged sword effect on BPS degradation. In addition, based on the 4 identified intermediates, 3 pathways of BPS degradation were proposed. The degradation of BPS was lower in domestic wastewater compared to other naturals waters and ultrapure; nevertheless, up to 75.86%, 77.94% and 81.48% of BPS was degraded in domestic wastewater, Yaohu Lake water and Poyang Lake water, respectively. Finally, phenolic chemicals and antibiotics, including bisphenol A, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, and sulfadiazine could also be efficiently removed the Ca(OH)/PMS system.
碱性物质可活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）以去除有机污染物，但通常需要相对较高的碱消耗量，这可能导致反应后溶液的pH值过高并造成二次污染。在本研究中，相对低剂量的Ca(OH)₂（1 mM）活化的PMS在去除双酚S（BPS）方面表现出优异的效率。反应期间溶液的pH值降至接近中性（pH = 8.2），符合直接排放标准（pH = 6 - 9）。在一个典型案例中，BPS在240分钟内完全降解，并符合准一级动力学。BPS的降解效率取决于操作参数，如Ca(OH)₂、PMS和BPS的剂量、初始溶液pH值、反应温度、共存阴离子、腐殖酸（HA）和水基质。进行了猝灭实验以验证单线态氧（¹O₂）和超氧自由基（O₂˙⁻）是主要的活性氧物种。随着温度升高，BPS的降解显著加速。此外，在很宽的pH值范围（5.3 - 11.15）内，BPS的降解都能维持在较高水平。SO₄²⁻、NO₃⁻对BPS的降解没有显著影响，然而，HCO₃⁻和HA都抑制了Ca(OH)₂/PMS体系对BPS的氧化，并且Cl⁻对BPS降解具有双刃剑效应。此外，基于鉴定出的4种中间体，提出了BPS的3条降解途径。与其他天然水和超纯水相比，生活污水中BPS的降解率较低；然而，在生活污水、瑶湖水和鄱阳湖水分别有高达75.86%、77.94%和81.48%的BPS被降解。最后，酚类化学品和抗生素，包括双酚A、诺氟沙星、盐酸洛美沙星和磺胺嘧啶，也能被Ca(OH)₂/PMS体系有效去除。
