Spira A
Hum Reprod. 1986 Feb;1(2):111-5. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136353.
This study on the epidemiology of human fertility emphasizes the study and analysis of several parameters. These include: the measure and distribution of fertility. The incidence of sterility is low (3-5% of couples) and the fecundability of fertile couples is approximately 30% per cycle. Approximately 7% of newly-formed couples per year will undergo complex treatment for infertility. The results of clinical and diagnostic explorations. Among infertile couples, the woman is responsible in approximately 60% of cases, and the man in approximately 25% of cases, and both of these factors may be associated. Clinical and diagnostic explorations are negative in approximately 18% of couples and the infertility is termed idiopathic. 'Normal' sperm characteristics vary according to age, seasonal or environmental factors. Female factors varying as a function of age, menstrual cycle, ovulation and functional status of the genital organs. Infertility in both partners leads to specific difficulties for epidemiological analyses, where the base unit is not an individual.
这项关于人类生育流行病学的研究着重于对几个参数的研究与分析。这些参数包括：生育能力的衡量与分布。不育症的发生率较低（占夫妻的3 - 5%），可育夫妻的受孕能力约为每个周期30%。每年约7%的新婚夫妻将接受针对不孕症的复杂治疗。临床及诊断性检查的结果。在不孕夫妻中，约60%的情况是女方的问题，约25%是男方的问题，且这两个因素可能同时存在。约18%的夫妻临床及诊断性检查结果为阴性，这种不孕症被称为特发性不孕症。“正常”的精子特征会因年龄、季节或环境因素而有所不同。女性因素则随年龄、月经周期、排卵及生殖器官功能状态而变化。双方都存在不孕问题给流行病学分析带来了特殊困难，因为基本单位不是个体。
