Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
J Forensic Odontostomatol. 2022 Apr 30;40(1):42-52.
Child abuse or maltreatment has been a global problem and research shows that more than half of the cases present with head and neck injuries. This study aimed to propose an online referencing platform for dental professionals to know more about signs of child abuse and neglect (CAN) and how suspicious head and neck injuries might look like in real-life scenarios by proposing a 3D design. The study was divided into two parts: i) Integrative literature review, ii) Survey. The first part included an integrative literature review to check if there are enough publications by dentists containing real-life images of injuries related to CAN. Using appropriate keywords and searching across four well-known databases 264 publications relevant to CAN were found, of which, only 3 contained real-life images. Part II of the study included a JISC online survey, consisting of two sections, amongst general dentists, pediatric and forensic dentists. The first section of the survey was about the basic knowledge related to CAN management. A total of 61 dentists from 10 different countries filled the survey, of which 83.1% had seen common head and neck injuries involved in CAN, 61% knew about the dentist's role in reporting such cases, and 66.1% were familiar with local law enforcements to contact. The second section of the survey involved going through real-life scenarios to check the participants understanding of how to tackle a real-life case concluding that only 4-10 participants managed to figure the aspects vital to check before reporting such cases which include a proper detailed history, any previous injuries and their stage of progression, clinical examination of injuries and finally whether the injuries are consistent with the history given. To conclude, there is insufficient representation of the real-life head and neck injuries for dentists to see related to child abuse. Also, all specialists agreed that they require further training regarding CAN management with real-life examples. To address this, a 3d model of commonly seen head and neck injuries in CAN along with some other tools, was created for training and educational purposes and was embedded in a website https://3datlasofchildabuse.webflow.io/.
儿童虐待或忽视是一个全球性问题，研究表明，超过一半的案例存在头颈部损伤。本研究旨在为牙科专业人员建立一个在线参考平台，以便更多地了解儿童虐待和忽视（CAN）的迹象，以及现实生活中可疑的头颈部损伤可能是什么样子，并提出了 3D 设计。该研究分为两部分：i）综合文献回顾，ii）调查。第一部分包括综合文献回顾，以检查是否有足够的由牙医发表的包含与 CAN 相关的真实损伤图像的出版物。使用适当的关键词，在四个著名数据库中进行搜索，共发现了 264 篇与 CAN 相关的出版物，其中只有 3 篇包含真实生活中的图像。研究的第二部分包括 JISC 的在线调查，由普通牙医、儿科牙医和法医牙医组成。调查的第一部分是关于 CAN 管理的基本知识。共有来自 10 个不同国家的 61 名牙医填写了这份调查，其中 83.1%的人见过常见的头颈部损伤与 CAN 有关，61%的人知道牙医在报告此类病例中的作用，66.1%的人熟悉联系当地执法部门的方法。调查的第二部分涉及现实生活场景，以检查参与者如何处理现实生活案例的理解，结论是只有 4-10 名参与者能够理解在报告此类病例之前必须检查的重要方面，包括详细的病史、任何以前的损伤及其进展阶段、受伤的临床检查，以及受伤是否与提供的病史一致。总之，牙医看到的与儿童虐待有关的现实生活中的头颈部损伤的代表性不足。此外，所有专家都同意，他们需要更多关于 CAN 管理的培训，包括现实生活中的例子。为了解决这个问题，创建了一个常见的头颈部损伤的 3D 模型，CAN 与其他一些工具一起，用于培训和教育目的，并嵌入在一个网站上https://3datlasofchildabuse.webflow.io/。
