Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Cell Death Dis. 2022 May 2;13(5):423. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04883-w.
Distinct types of immune responses are activated by infections, which cause the development of type I, II, or III inflammation, regulated by Th1, Th2, Th17 helper T cells and ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 cells, respectively. While the classification of immune responses to different groups of pathogens is widely accepted, subtypes of the immune response elicited by sterile inflammation have not yet been detailed. Necroinflammation is associated with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from dying cells. In this review, we present that the distinct molecular mechanisms activated during apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis lead to the release of different patterns of DAMPs and their suppressors, SAMPs. We summarize the currently available data on how regulated cell death pathways and released DAMPs and SAMPs direct the differentiation of T helper and ILC cells. Understanding the subtypes of necroinflammation can be crucial in developing strategies for the treatment of sterile inflammatory diseases caused by cell death processes.
不同类型的免疫反应被感染激活，分别导致 I 型、II 型或 III 型炎症的发生，由 Th1、Th2、Th17 辅助性 T 细胞和 ILC1、ILC2 和 ILC3 细胞分别调节。虽然对不同病原体群的免疫反应的分类已被广泛接受，但无菌炎症引起的免疫反应亚型尚未详细描述。坏死性炎症与死亡细胞释放损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）有关。在这篇综述中，我们提出在细胞凋亡、坏死性细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡和铁死亡过程中激活的不同分子机制导致不同模式的 DAMPs 和它们的抑制剂 SAMPs 的释放。我们总结了目前关于调控细胞死亡途径以及释放的 DAMPs 和 SAMPs 如何指导辅助性 T 细胞和 ILC 细胞分化的可用数据。了解坏死性炎症的亚型对于制定治疗由细胞死亡过程引起的无菌性炎症性疾病的策略可能至关重要。
