Ma Yong-Dan, Wang Yi-Cheng, Yue Li-Min
Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2022 Apr 25;74(2):255-264.
The synthesis and decomposition of glycogen adjust the blood glucose dynamically to maintain the energy supply required by the cells. As the only hormone that lowers blood sugar in the body, insulin can promote glycogen synthesis by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and increasing glucose transporter translocation, and inhibit gluconeogenesis to lower blood glucose. In the endometrium, glycogen metabolism is active, but gluconeogenesis does not occur. The glycogen metabolism in the endometrium is controlled not only by the classical glucose regulating hormones, but also by the ovarian hormones. The functional activities related to implantation of the endometrium during the implantation window require glucose as energy source. A large amount of glucose is used to synthesize glycogen in the endometrium before implantation, which could meet the increased energy demand for embryo implantation. In diabetes, glycogen metabolism in the endometrium is impaired, which frequently leads to implantation failure and early abortion. This article reviews the glycogen metabolism in the endometrium and discusses its role in embryo implantation, which provide new ideas for embryo implantation research and infertility treatment.
糖原的合成与分解动态调节血糖，以维持细胞所需的能量供应。胰岛素作为体内唯一能降低血糖的激素，可通过激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）信号通路并增加葡萄糖转运体转位来促进糖原合成，还能抑制糖异生以降低血糖。在子宫内膜中，糖原代谢活跃，但不发生糖异生。子宫内膜中的糖原代谢不仅受经典的血糖调节激素控制，还受卵巢激素控制。着床窗期间子宫内膜与着床相关的功能活动需要葡萄糖作为能量来源。着床前大量葡萄糖用于在子宫内膜中合成糖原，这可以满足胚胎着床增加的能量需求。在糖尿病中，子宫内膜中的糖原代谢受损，这常导致着床失败和早期流产。本文综述了子宫内膜中的糖原代谢，并探讨了其在胚胎着床中的作用，为胚胎着床研究和不孕症治疗提供新思路。
