Zhou Jian-Hong, Chen Yan-Mei
Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2022 Apr 25;74(2):276-282.
Olfaction and food intake are interrelated and regulated. In the process of feeding, the metabolic signals in the body and the feeding signals produced by food stimulation are first sensed by the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus and the nucleus tractus solitarius of brain stem, and then these neurons project to the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. The paraventricular nucleus transmits the signals to other brain regions related to feeding and regulates feeding behavior. In this process, olfactory signals can be transmitted to hypothalamus through olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex to regulate feeding behavior. At the same time, gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, insulin, leptin, etc.) and some neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, endocannabinoid, etc.) produced in the process of feeding act on the olfactory system to regulate olfactory function, which in turn affects the feeding itself. This review summaries the research progress of the interaction between olfaction and food intake and its internal mechanism from the aspects of neuronal and hormonal regulation.
嗅觉与食物摄入相互关联且受到调节。在进食过程中，身体的代谢信号以及食物刺激产生的进食信号首先被下丘脑弓状核和脑干孤束核感知，然后这些神经元投射到下丘脑室旁核。室旁核将信号传递到与进食相关的其他脑区并调节进食行为。在此过程中，嗅觉信号可通过嗅球和嗅觉皮层传递至下丘脑以调节进食行为。同时，进食过程中产生的胃肠激素（胃饥饿素、胰岛素、瘦素等）和一些神经递质（乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、内源性大麻素等）作用于嗅觉系统以调节嗅觉功能，进而影响进食本身。本文综述从神经元和激素调节方面对嗅觉与食物摄入之间相互作用及其内在机制的研究进展。
