Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
Exp Gerontol. 2022 Jul;164:111823. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111823. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder, can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have gained more consensus. Discovering the mechanisms of sarcopenia has been more and more important. It has been previously suggested that immune system during ageing plays an important role in the progression of sarcopenia. Immune ageing, which is often highlighted in elder individuals, may be an important contributor in sarcopenia. Immune ageing can occur in different aspects. The alteration in immune organs can affect both the innate immunity and adaptive immunity, affecting the whole condition of the body through circulation. Several kinds of immune cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and other immune cells, together alters the situation of muscle fiber, causing muscle weakness, loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. Synergistic and cumulative effect of cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, interrelates with obesity and diabetes, impairing the condition of skeletal muscle tissue and leading to deterioration of sarcopenia. Studying the relationship of sarcopenia and immune system offers great potential in future studies. Thoroughly studying these mechanisms can help to better determine an ideal scheme and better management of sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities, which tends to offer deeper insight and guidance in treating sarcopenia through alterations of food intake, exercise and medical intervention.
肌肉减少症是一种以进行性和全身性骨骼肌紊乱为特征的老年综合征，可与许多合并症相关，包括肥胖、糖尿病和骨折。目前，肌肉减少症的重要性和紧迫性已经得到了更多的共识。发现肌肉减少症的发病机制变得越来越重要。先前有研究表明，衰老过程中的免疫系统在肌肉减少症的进展中起着重要作用。免疫衰老在老年人中经常被强调，可能是肌肉减少症的一个重要贡献因素。免疫衰老可以在不同方面发生。免疫器官的改变会影响固有免疫和适应性免疫，通过循环影响全身状况。几种免疫细胞，包括淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和其他免疫细胞，共同改变肌肉纤维的状况，导致肌肉无力、肌肉力量和肌肉质量丧失。细胞因子（如 TNF-α 和 IFN-γ）的协同和累积效应与肥胖和糖尿病有关，损害骨骼肌组织的状况，导致肌肉减少症恶化。研究肌肉减少症与免疫系统的关系为未来的研究提供了巨大的潜力。深入研究这些机制有助于更好地确定治疗肌肉减少症及其相关合并症的理想方案和管理，这有助于通过改变饮食、运动和医疗干预来更好地治疗肌肉减少症。
