PT, MSc. Physiotherapist and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
PT, PhD. Physiotherapist, Assistant Professor, Department of Collective Health, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília (DF), Brazil; and Advisor, Postgraduate Program on Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2022 May-Jun;140(3):356-365. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0237.R2.27072021.
Dyspnea is a symptom present in several chronic diseases commonly seen among older adults. Since individuals with dyspnea tend to stay at rest, with consequently reduced levels of physical activity, they are likely to be at greater risk of developing frailty, especially at older ages.
Cross-sectional study at community level, Brazil.
To analyze the relationships between self-reported dyspnea, health conditions and frailty status in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.
Secondary data from the follow-up of the Frailty in Brazilian Elderly (FIBRA) study, involving 415 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 80.3 ± 4.68 years), were used. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic characteristics, reported dyspnea, clinical data and frailty phenotype. Associations between dyspnea and other variables (age, sex, education and body mass index) were verified through the crude (c) and adjusted (a) odds ratios.
The prevalence of dyspnea in the entire sample was 21.0%. Dyspnea was more present in individuals with pulmonary diseases, heart disease, cancer and depression. Older adults with multimorbidities (adjusted odds ratio, ORa = 2.91; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.41-5.99) and polypharmacy (ORa = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.15-3.54) were more likely to have dyspnea. Those who reported dyspnea were 2.54 times more likely to be frail (ORa = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.08-5.97), and fatigue was their most prevalent phenotype component.
Dyspnea was associated with different diseases, multimorbidities, polypharmacy and frailty. Recognizing the factors associated with dyspnea may contribute to its early identification and prevention of its negative outcomes among older adults.
呼吸困难是几种常见于老年人的慢性疾病的症状。由于呼吸困难的患者往往保持休息状态，身体活动水平相应降低，他们更容易出现衰弱的风险，尤其是在年龄较大时。
巴西社区层面的横断面研究。
分析社区居住的老年人样本中，自我报告的呼吸困难与健康状况和衰弱状况之间的关系。
使用巴西老年人群衰弱研究（FIBRA）随访的二级数据，涉及 415 名社区居住的老年人（平均年龄：80.3 ± 4.68 岁）。分析的变量包括社会人口统计学特征、报告的呼吸困难、临床数据和衰弱表型。通过未调整（c）和调整（a）比值比，验证呼吸困难与其他变量（年龄、性别、教育和体重指数）之间的关联。
整个样本中呼吸困难的患病率为 21.0%。呼吸困难在患有肺部疾病、心脏病、癌症和抑郁症的个体中更为常见。患有多种疾病（调整比值比，ORa=2.91；95%置信区间，CI=1.41-5.99）和多药治疗（ORa=2.02；95%CI=1.15-3.54）的老年人更有可能出现呼吸困难。报告呼吸困难的老年人衰弱的可能性增加 2.54 倍（ORa=2.54；95%CI=1.08-5.97），疲劳是他们最常见的表型组成部分。
呼吸困难与不同疾病、多种疾病、多药治疗和衰弱有关。识别与呼吸困难相关的因素可能有助于早期识别和预防老年人呼吸困难的不良后果。
