Section of Chronic and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 18;10:872299. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872299. eCollection 2022.
Excessive salt intake is causally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Salt-reduction strategies have been rapidly deployed across China since 2017. This study aimed to investigate the association of salt-reduction knowledge and behaviors and salt intake in Chinese population.
This study was a national cross-sectional study in China.
This cross-sectional study was based on data collected during a Chinese adult chronic disease and nutrition surveillance program in 2018 with 7,665 study participants. Salt intake was assessed by calculating 24 h urine sodium from morning urine samples. Logistic regression and mean impact value (MIV) based on the back propagation (BP) artificial neural network were used to screen the potential influencing factors.
A total of 7,665 participants were included in the analysis, with an average age of 54.64 ± 13.26 years, and with men accounting for 42.6%. Only 19.3% of the participants were aware of the Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and only 7.3% of them could accurately identify the level of salt intake recommended in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. Approximately 41% of the participants adopted salt-reduction behaviors, among whom the number of participants who used less salt when cooking was the highest, and the number of participants who used low sodium salt was the lowest. In the logistic regression, only "No extra salt was added at the table" group showed the effect of salt-reduction, the odds ratio (OR) being 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.95). The MIV result based on the BP neural network showed that the most important salt-reduction behavior was using less salt when cooking, while reducing eating-out behavior and using salt-limiting tools were the least important.
The research shows that the popularization of salt-reduction knowledge and behaviors can reduce the population's salt intake. However, there is still considerable scope for promoting salt-reduction knowledge and behaviors, while the promotion of salt-reduction tools and low-sodium salt still needs to be strengthened.
过量摄入盐与心血管疾病风险增加有关。自 2017 年以来，中国迅速实施了减盐策略。本研究旨在调查中国人群中减盐知识、行为与盐摄入量的关系。
本研究是中国的一项全国性横断面研究。
本横断面研究基于 2018 年中国成人慢性病与营养监测项目的数据，共纳入 7665 名研究对象。通过计算晨尿样本中的 24 小时尿钠来评估盐摄入量。采用逻辑回归和基于反向传播（BP）人工神经网络的平均影响值（MIV）筛选潜在影响因素。
共纳入 7665 名参与者进行分析，平均年龄为 54.64±13.26 岁，其中男性占 42.6%。仅有 19.3%的参与者知晓中国膳食指南，仅有 7.3%的参与者能准确识别中国膳食指南推荐的盐摄入量水平。约 41%的参与者采取了减盐行为，其中最多的参与者在烹饪时少放盐，而使用低钠盐的参与者最少。在逻辑回归中，仅“餐桌上不加额外的盐”组显示出减盐效果，比值比（OR）为 0.78（95%置信区间[CI]：0.64-0.95）。基于 BP 神经网络的 MIV 结果显示，最重要的减盐行为是烹饪时少放盐，而减少外出就餐行为和使用限盐工具则不太重要。
本研究表明，普及减盐知识和行为可以降低人群的盐摄入量。然而，在推广减盐知识和行为方面仍有很大的空间，而推广减盐工具和低钠盐仍需加强。
