From the Department of Pediatric Radiology (A.V., B.C.d.A.T.), Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Department of Internal Medicine (A.V., B.C.d.A.T.), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2022 Aug;43(8):1080-1089. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7465. Epub 2022 May 5.
Glioneuronal tumors are characterized exclusively by neurocytic elements (neuronal tumors) or a combination of neuronal and glial features (mixed neuronal-glial tumors). Most of these tumors occur in young patients and are related to epilepsy. While ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, and desmoplastic infantile tumor are common glioneuronal tumors, anaplastic ganglioglioma, papillary glioneuronal tumor, rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor, gangliocytoma, and central neurocytoma are less frequent. Advances in immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostics have improved the characterization of these tumors and favored the description of variants and new subtypes, some not yet classified by the World Health Organization. Not infrequently, the histologic findings of biopsies of glioneuronal tumors simulate low-grade glial neoplasms; however, some imaging findings favor the correct diagnosis, making neuroimaging essential for proper management. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present key imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular findings of glioneuronal tumors and their variants.
胶质神经元肿瘤的特征仅为神经细胞成分（神经元肿瘤）或神经元和神经胶质特征的组合（混合性神经元-神经胶质肿瘤）。这些肿瘤大多数发生在年轻患者中，与癫痫有关。神经节胶质瘤、发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤和促结缔组织增生性婴儿肿瘤是常见的胶质神经元肿瘤，间变性神经节胶质瘤、乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤、玫瑰花结形成性胶质神经元肿瘤、神经节细胞瘤和中枢神经细胞瘤则较少见。免疫组织化学和分子诊断学的进步提高了这些肿瘤的特征描述，并有利于描述变体和新亚型，其中一些尚未被世界卫生组织分类。胶质神经元肿瘤活检的组织学发现常模拟低级别神经胶质瘤；然而，一些影像学表现有助于正确诊断，使神经影像学成为正确治疗的必要手段。因此，本综述旨在介绍胶质神经元肿瘤及其变体的关键影像学、组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子学表现。
