Tunable mechanical properties of MoSe-poly vinyl alcohol-based/silk fibroin-based nanowire ensure the regeneration mechanism in tenocytes derived from human bone marrow stem cells.

Silk fibroin (SF) and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanomaterial has exceptional attention in regenerative medicine. However, the preparation of SF and PVA-based nanomaterials in the desired form is complex due to their poor mechanical strength, brittleness, and compatibility. To this end, MoSe is chosen as a bio-nanowire to fabricate by combining PVA and SF to improve the mechanical properties. Physicochemical and structural features of the MoSe-PVA-SF nanowire hydrogel (MoSe-PVA-SF-NWH) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Mechanical properties, degradation ratio, hydrophilicity, water uptake capacity, biocompatibility, and biological activity of the hydrogel were also studied. Superior interactions were formed between the reinforcing molecules of MoSe and PVA/SF in the hydrogel network by introducing MoSe nanowire (NW) into the hydrogel. Conversely, MoSe NW imparts mechanical stability and robustness to the blends (hydrogel) with predictable long-term degradation characteristics. It was proven by in vitro biodegradable rate, and swelling behaviour was varied depending on the concentration of MoSe NW. MoSe reinforced the hydrogels and found high porosity with superior biocompatibility. Excellent cellular adaptation was analyzed by MTT assay, live/dead staining, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). It revealed moderate toxicity at a concentration of 0.02% among the control samples. There was no discernible difference in 0.01% and 0.005% of MoSe-PVA-SF-NWH in tenocytes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Hence, this MoSe-PVA-SF-NWH might be considered biocompatible due to its biological activities and appropriate mechanical properties. Overall, the MoSe-PVA-SF-NWH might be considered a biocompatible scaffold for the possible biomedical applications of tendon tissue engineering.