Yang Joshua S, Faruqui Afsana, Sou Angela, Mackey Tim K
Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, United States.
Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, United States.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2022 Apr 8;8:14. doi: 10.18332/tpc/146713. eCollection 2022.
Though university smoke-free and tobacco-free campus policies have been proliferating across the US, compliance and enforcement remain challenges. This study examined perceptions and behaviors of employees and students who used tobacco products on tobacco-free campuses, to better understand policy non-compliance.
Students (n=56) and employees (n=20) from two tobacco-free 4-year public universities in Southern California who self-reported using tobacco products on campus participated in focus groups, stratified by university and student or employee (faculty and staff) status, to discuss attitudes toward campus tobacco policies and on-campus smoking. Focus group discussions were transcribed and analyzed after structured coding and subcoding.
Participants were generally aware that smoking and vaping were not allowed on campus, though few could correctly identify their campus as tobacco-free. Attitudes toward the policy varied by subgroup and by campus, with students and employees at different universities expressing varying levels of support. Non-compliance was a unique interaction of individual, institutional, and interpersonal factors including a desire to smoke or vape to reduce stress, lack of formal enforcement or penalty for violating the policy, and efforts to smoke or vape in ways that reduce harm to others as a way of rationalizing non-compliance.
Attitudes toward university tobacco-free policies are campus- and constituency-specific, with similarities in individual, institutional, and interpersonal factors underlying non-compliance. Interventions to increase compliance should address individual, institutional, and interpersonal influences on non-compliance through efforts tailored to specific campus constituencies based on their particular knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco-free policies.
尽管美国各地大学的无烟和无烟草校园政策不断增加，但合规性和执行情况仍然是挑战。本研究调查了在无烟草校园使用烟草制品的员工和学生的认知与行为，以更好地理解政策不遵守情况。
来自南加州两所实行无烟草政策的四年制公立大学的学生（n = 56）和员工（n = 20），他们自我报告在校园内使用烟草制品，参加了焦点小组讨论，按大学以及学生或员工（教职员工）身份分层，以讨论对校园烟草政策和校园吸烟的态度。焦点小组讨论在进行结构化编码和子编码后进行转录和分析。
参与者普遍意识到校园内禁止吸烟和吸电子烟，尽管很少有人能正确认定自己所在的校园为无烟草校园。对该政策的态度因亚组和校园而异，不同大学的学生和员工表达了不同程度的支持。不遵守是个人、机构和人际因素的独特相互作用，包括为减轻压力而吸烟或吸电子烟的欲望、缺乏对违反政策的正式执行或处罚，以及以减少对他人伤害的方式吸烟或吸电子烟，以此作为不遵守规定的合理化理由。
对大学无烟草政策的态度因校园和群体而异，不遵守规定背后的个人、机构和人际因素存在相似之处。提高合规性的干预措施应通过根据特定校园群体对无烟草政策的特定知识和态度量身定制的努力，来解决对不遵守规定的个人、机构和人际影响。
