Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologias, Itacoatiara, AM, Brasil.
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas do Amazonas, Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2022 Apr 29;55:e03732021. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0373-2021. eCollection 2022.
Aedes aegypti is currently controlled with synthetic larvicides; however, mosquitoes have become highly resistant to these larvicides and difficult to eradicate. Studies have shown that insecticides derived from fungal extracts have various mechanisms of action that reduce the risk of resistance in these mosquitoes. One possible mechanism is uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae, which can cause changes at the cellular level. Thus, the crude extract of Xylaria sp. was evaluated to investigate the oxidative effect of this extract in A. aegypti larvae by quantifying the oxidative damage to proteins and lipids.
The larvicidal potential of the crude extract of Xylaria sp. Was evaluated, and the extract was subsequently tested in human lung fibroblasts for cytotoxicity and ROS production. ROS level was quantified in the larvae that were killed following exposure to the extract in the larvicide test.
The crude extract of Xylaria sp. Caused cytotoxicity and induced ROS production in human lung fibroblasts and A. aegypti larvae, respectively. In the larvicide trial, the extract showed an LC50 of 264.456 ppm and an LC90 of 364.307 ppm, and was thus considered active. The extract showed greater oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, with LC90 values of 24.7 µmol MDA/L and 14.6278 ×10-3 nmol carbonyl/ mg protein, respectively.
Crude extracts of Xylaria sp. induced oxidative stress that may have caused the mortality of A. aegypti larvae.
埃及伊蚊目前通过使用合成杀虫剂来进行控制；然而，蚊子已经对这些杀虫剂产生了高度的抗性，难以根除。研究表明，从真菌提取物中提取的杀虫剂具有多种作用机制，可以降低这些蚊子产生抗性的风险。一种可能的机制是幼虫中未控制的活性氧（ROS）的产生，这可能导致细胞水平的变化。因此，评估了木霉属的粗提取物，以通过定量蛋白质和脂质的氧化损伤来研究该提取物对埃及伊蚊幼虫的氧化作用。
评估了木霉属粗提取物的杀幼虫潜力，然后在人肺成纤维细胞中测试该提取物的细胞毒性和 ROS 产生。在接触提取物后的杀幼虫试验中，对死亡的幼虫进行 ROS 水平的定量。
木霉属粗提取物导致人肺成纤维细胞的细胞毒性和 ROS 产生，并分别诱导埃及伊蚊幼虫的细胞毒性和 ROS 产生。在杀幼虫试验中，该提取物的 LC50 为 264.456 ppm，LC90 为 364.307 ppm，因此被认为是有效的。该提取物对脂质和蛋白质的氧化损伤更大，LC90 值分别为 24.7 µmol MDA/L 和 14.6278 ×10-3 nmol 羰基/ mg 蛋白。
木霉属粗提取物诱导了氧化应激，这可能导致埃及伊蚊幼虫的死亡。
