Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 15;925:174995. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174995. Epub 2022 May 9.
The skeletal muscle (SkM) is the largest organ, which plays a vital role in controlling musculature, locomotion, body heat regulation, physical strength, and metabolism of the body. A sedentary lifestyle, aging, cachexia, denervation, immobilization, etc. Can lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, which is further responsible for SkM atrophy (SmA). To date, the understanding of the mechanism of SkM mass loss is limited which also restricted the number of drugs to treat SmA. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to regulate muscle homeostasis. Presently, some natural products attained immense attraction to regulate SkM homeostasis. The natural products, i.e., polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin), terpenoids (ursolic acid, tanshinone IIA, celastrol), flavonoids, alkaloids (tomatidine, magnoflorine), vitamin D, etc. exhibit strong potential against SmA. Some of these natural products have been reported to have equivalent potential to standard treatments to prevent body lean mass loss. Indeed, owing to the large complexity, diversity, and slow absorption rate of bioactive compounds made their usage quite challenging. Moreover, the use of natural products is controversial due to their partially known or elusive mechanism of action. Therefore, the present review summarizes various experimental and clinical evidence of some important bioactive compounds that shall help in the development of novel strategies to counteract SmA elicited by various causes.
骨骼肌（SkM）是人体最大的器官，在控制肌肉运动、身体活动、体温调节、体力和新陈代谢方面发挥着至关重要的作用。久坐不动的生活方式、衰老、恶病质、去神经支配、固定不动等因素都可能导致蛋白质合成与降解之间的失衡，从而进一步导致 SkM 萎缩（SmA）。迄今为止，人们对 SkM 质量损失机制的认识还很有限，这也限制了治疗 SmA 的药物数量。因此，迫切需要开发新的方法来调节肌肉内稳态。目前，一些天然产物在调节 SkM 内稳态方面引起了广泛关注。天然产物，如多酚（白藜芦醇、姜黄素）、萜类化合物（熊果酸、丹参酮 IIA、雷公藤红素）、类黄酮、生物碱（番茄碱、厚朴碱）、维生素 D 等，对 SmA 具有很强的调节作用。其中一些天然产物已被报道具有与标准治疗方法相当的潜力，可以预防体脂流失。事实上，由于生物活性化合物的复杂性、多样性和吸收速度较慢，它们的使用颇具挑战性。此外，由于其部分已知或难以捉摸的作用机制，天然产物的使用存在争议。因此，本综述总结了一些重要生物活性化合物的各种实验和临床证据，这些证据将有助于开发新的策略来对抗各种原因引起的 SmA。
