Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 25;836:155721. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155721. Epub 2022 May 4.
Fossil fuels are currently the dominant source of electricity and energy production around the world. Biomass is one of the most referred renewable carbonaceous resource(s) that can be employed for the waste-to-energy concept. Syngas obtained from biomass gasification can be utilized for a variety of key industrial purposes, including internal gasification engine operation, power generation, and hydrocarbon compound production using the Fisher-Tropsch technique. However, the existence of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, tar, and particulate matter along with other undesirable chemicals present in syngas are major disadvantages of biomass gasification. Tar is the most difficult among all the pollutants to be removed from syngas; it also causes serious problems in downstream syngas applications. For decades, studies have been performed with various catalysts to remove the tar. Dolomite has shown positive response for tar elimination and hydrogen-enriched gas production. Several studies have been carried out on dolomite for eliminating the tar from syngas. This review encompasses sources of solid waste, the mechanism of catalysis, and in-situ and ex-situ usage of dolomite in the gasification process. It addresses the key issues such as fragmentation and attrition, elutriation, and coke formation along with dolomite's usefulness in amalgamation with other catalysts, environmental consequences, and economic viability of dolomite applications. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for tar removal using catalysts, with a specific focus on dolomite along with economic and environmental sustainability considerations.
化石燃料是目前全球电力和能源生产的主要来源。生物质是最常被提及的可再生含碳资源之一，可以用于废物能源化概念。生物质气化得到的合成气可用于多种关键工业用途，包括内部气化发动机运行、发电以及使用费托技术生产碳氢化合物化合物。然而，生物质气化存在一些缺点，例如合成气中存在杂质（如硫化氢、焦油和颗粒物）以及其他不良化学物质。焦油是所有污染物中最难去除的一种，它还会在下游合成气应用中造成严重问题。几十年来，人们一直在使用各种催化剂来去除焦油。白云石在去除焦油和生产富氢气体方面表现出积极的响应。已经进行了一些关于白云石用于从合成气中去除焦油的研究。这篇综述涵盖了固体废弃物的来源、催化机制以及白云石在气化过程中的原位和异位使用。它解决了关键问题，如破碎和磨损、夹带和焦炭形成，以及白云石与其他催化剂结合的有用性、环境后果和白云石应用的经济可行性。它还讨论了使用催化剂去除焦油的挑战和机遇，特别关注白云石以及经济和环境可持续性的考虑因素。
