Imafuku Shinichi
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University.
Uirusu. 2021;71(1):45-54. doi: 10.2222/jsv.71.45.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox) as primary infection, and latently infects neuronal cells in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Reactivation of VZV from DRG results in herpes zoster, often decades later. VZV is the only airborne human herpesvirus and the only herpesvirus whose symptoms (both varicella and herpes zoster) can be prevented by vaccination. Herpes zoster is significantly more common in patients with bone marrow transplants, hematological malignancies, oral Jak inhibitors, SLE, and the elderly. The brand new subunit vaccine, ShingrixⓇ, for preventing herpes zoster is a mixture of adjuvant and recombinant VZV glycoprotein gE, which is highly effective in preventing zoster even in elderly people. In this review, the author discuss the onset mechanism of zoster from the clinical findings and summarize the result of clinical trials of the subunit vaccine.
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）初次感染会引发水痘，并且会潜伏感染背根神经节（DRG）中的神经元细胞。数十年后，DRG中VZV的重新激活会导致带状疱疹。VZV是唯一可通过空气传播的人类疱疹病毒，也是唯一一种其症状（水痘和带状疱疹）可通过接种疫苗预防的疱疹病毒。带状疱疹在骨髓移植患者、血液系统恶性肿瘤患者、口服Jak抑制剂患者、系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者以及老年人中更为常见。全新的用于预防带状疱疹的亚单位疫苗ShingrixⓇ是佐剂和重组VZV糖蛋白gE的混合物，即使在老年人中也能高效预防带状疱疹。在这篇综述中，作者从临床发现探讨了带状疱疹的发病机制，并总结了亚单位疫苗的临床试验结果。
