Zhu X H, Tang Q, Xie M Y, Xue R Y, Zhang Y L, Wu Y, Hu X, Yang H, Gao Zhiqiang
Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Department of Digital Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 7;57(4):452-457. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210530-00311.
To establish a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube based on Chinese digital visual human dataset, and the deformation and pressure changes of the middle ear-eustachian tube system after eustachian tube opening are simulated by computer numerical simulation. The first female Chinese Digital Visual Human data was adopted. The images were imported by Amira image processing software, and the images were segmented by Geomagic software to form a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube system, including eustachian tube, tympanum, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, and mastoid air cells system. The 3D model was imported into Hypermesh software for meshing and analysis. The structural mechanics calculation was carried out by Abaqus, and gas flow was simulated by Xflow. The tissue deformation and middle ear pressure changes during eustachian tube opening were numerically simulated by fluid-solid coupling algorithm. Several pressure monitoring points including tympanum, mastoid, tympanic isthmus, and external auditory canal were set up in the model, and the pressure changes of each monitoring point were recorded and compared. In this study, a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube and a numerical simulation model of middle ear ventilation were established, including eustachian tube, tympanum, mastoid air cells, tympanic membrane, and auditory ossicles. The dynamic changes of the model after ventilation could be divided into five stages according to the pressure. In addition, the pressure changes of tympanum and tympanic isthmus were basically synchronous, and the pressure changes of mastoid air cells system were later than that of tympanum and tympanic isthmus, which verified the pressure buffering effect of mastoid. The extracted pressure curve of the external auditory canal was basically consistent with that of tympanometry in terms of value and trend, which verified the effectiveness of the model. The numerical simulation model of middle ear-eustachian tube ventilation established in this paper can simulate the tissue deformation and middle ear pressure changes after eustachian tube opening, and its accuracy and effectiveness are also verified. This not only lays a foundation for further research, but also provides a new research method for the study of middle ear ventilation.
基于中国数字化可视人体数据集建立中耳-咽鼓管三维模型，并通过计算机数值模拟来模拟咽鼓管开放后中耳-咽鼓管系统的变形及压力变化。采用首例中国女性数字化可视人体数据。图像由Amira图像处理软件导入，再通过Geomagic软件进行图像分割，以形成中耳-咽鼓管系统的三维模型，该模型包括咽鼓管、鼓室、鼓膜、听小骨及乳突气房系统。将该三维模型导入Hypermesh软件进行网格划分及分析。通过Abaqus进行结构力学计算，利用Xflow模拟气流。采用流固耦合算法对咽鼓管开放过程中的组织变形及中耳压力变化进行数值模拟。在模型中设置了包括鼓室、乳突、鼓室峡部及外耳道在内的多个压力监测点，并记录和比较各监测点的压力变化。本研究建立了包含咽鼓管、鼓室、乳突气房、鼓膜及听小骨的中耳-咽鼓管三维模型及中耳通气数值模拟模型。通气后模型的动态变化根据压力可分为五个阶段。此外，鼓室和鼓室峡部的压力变化基本同步，乳突气房系统的压力变化晚于鼓室和鼓室峡部，这证实了乳突的压力缓冲作用。外耳道提取的压力曲线在数值和趋势上与鼓室导抗图基本一致，验证了模型的有效性。本文建立的中耳-咽鼓管通气数值模拟模型能够模拟咽鼓管开放后的组织变形及中耳压力变化，其准确性和有效性也得到了验证。这不仅为进一步研究奠定了基础，也为中耳通气研究提供了一种新的研究方法。
