Yang L, Chen Y N, Wang S J, Wang Y, Chen T, Liang Y, Wang S
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Apr 7;57(4):458-466. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210818-00558.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to study the effect of aging on the neuroimaging characteristics of cerebral cortex in the process of speech perception. Thirty-four adults with normal hearing were recruited from March 2021 to June 2021, including 17 in the young group, with 6 males, 11 females, age (32.1±5.0) years, age range 20-39 years. and 17 in the elderly group, with 6 males, 11 females, age (63.2±2.8) years, age range 60-70 years. The test material was the sentence table of the Mandarin Hearing Test in Noise (MHINT). The task state block experiment design was adopted, and the temporal lobe, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, motor cortex were used as regions of interest. Objective brain imaging technology (fNIRS) combined with subjective psychophysical testing method was used to analyze the activation area and degree of cerebral cortex related to auditory speech perception in the elderly and young people under different listening conditions (quiet, signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB, 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB). SPSS 23 software was used for statistical analysis. The activation area and degree of activation in the elderly group were lower than those in the young group under each task condition; The number of activation channels in the young group were significantly more than those in the old group, and the number of activation channels in the left hemisphere were more than those in the right hemisphere, but there was no difference in the number of activation channels. There were more channels affected by age in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere. The activation degree of the young group when the signal-to-noise ratio was 0 dB was significantly higher than that of other signal-to-noise ratio conditions (<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the old group under the five conditions (>0.05). The speech recognition score of the young group was higher than that of the old group under all conditions. When the quiet and signal-to-noise ratio was 10 dB, the correct score of the two groups was equal or close to 100%. With the gradual decrease of signal-to-noise ratio, there was a significant difference between the two groups when the signal-to-noise ratio was 5 dB. The speech recognition accuracy of the young group decreased significantly when the signal-to-noise ratio was 0 dB, while that of the old group decreased significantly when the signal-to-noise ratio was 5 dB. With the increase of age, the speech perception in noisy environment and the activity of cerebral cortex gradually deteriorate, and the speech dominance hemisphere (left hemisphere) will be significantly affected by aging. The overall activation area and activation degree of the elderly under different speech tasks are lower than those of the young.
功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）被用于研究衰老对言语感知过程中大脑皮质神经影像特征的影响。2021年3月至2021年6月招募了34名听力正常的成年人，其中青年组17人，男性6人，女性11人，年龄（32.1±5.0）岁，年龄范围20 - 39岁；老年组17人，男性6人，女性11人，年龄（63.2±2.8）岁，年龄范围60 - 70岁。测试材料为普通话噪声下听力测试（MHINT）的语句表。采用任务状态块实验设计，将颞叶、布洛卡区、韦尼克区、运动皮质作为感兴趣区域。运用客观脑成像技术（fNIRS）结合主观心理物理学测试方法，分析老年人和年轻人在不同聆听条件（安静、信噪比为10 dB、5 dB、0 dB、 - 5 dB）下与听觉言语感知相关的大脑皮质激活区域和程度。使用SPSS 23软件进行统计分析。在各任务条件下，老年组的激活区域和激活程度均低于青年组；青年组的激活通道数量显著多于老年组，且左半球的激活通道数量多于右半球，但激活通道数量无差异。左半球受年龄影响的通道数量多于右半球。青年组在信噪比为0 dB时的激活程度显著高于其他信噪比条件（<0.05），但老年组在这五种条件下无显著差异（>0.05）。在所有条件下，青年组的言语识别得分均高于老年组。在安静和信噪比为10 dB时，两组的正确得分相等或接近100%。随着信噪比逐渐降低，在信噪比为5 dB时两组出现显著差异。青年组在信噪比为0 dB时言语识别准确率显著下降，而老年组在信噪比为5 dB时言语识别准确率显著下降。随着年龄的增长，嘈杂环境中的言语感知和大脑皮质的活动逐渐恶化，言语优势半球（左半球）将受到衰老的显著影响。老年人在不同言语任务下的总体激活区域和激活程度低于年轻人。
