Pesnya Dmitry S, Bolotov Sergey E
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Yaroslavl Region, Nekoyz District, 152742 Borok, Russia.
Laboratory "AquaBioSafe", Tyumen State University, Volodarskogo st., 6, 625003 Tyumen, Russia.
Data Brief. 2022 Jan 23;41:107861. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.107861. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Assessment of genotoxicity of aquatic ecosystems is of great importance for environmental management and assessment of water ecological quality as well as health safety. Data on the genotoxicity of water in rivers of such a large region as Siberia are almost absent. Researchers do not pay enough attention to river floodplains, but such studies are important for assessing the ecological condition of the river system, because a significant part of toxic and genotoxic substances accumulates in the river floodplains A unique feature of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve is its vast floodplain, the largest in the Northern Hemisphere, providing key ecological functions of the territory. Originality of this river system lies not only in enormous size, but also in the exceptional duration and magnitude of spring-summer floods and the formation of complex biogeocenosis. In this data article we provide for the first time genotoxicity data for the Irtysh river valley (West Siberia) which is longest tributary river in the world. Water samples were collected from 5 sites: Irtysh river, floodplain sites (Jivaya river, Mukhrina river, Baybalak river) and terrace (Bog Mukhrino). Allium test was used to assess genotoxic effects. This method is one of the recommended bioassays for rapid genotoxicity screening of the water. Ana-telophase chromosomal aberration assay and micronuclei test were performed to determine genotoxic effects. Obtained data for mitotic index and other phase indexes. Data on water genotoxic effects are accompanied by data on physicochemical parameters. The data shows that the floodplain waters accumulate allochthonous organic matter, which is evidently supplied with high water. This determines the increased genotoxicity of floodplain waters. The data allow other researchers to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the genotoxicity of natural waters on the landscape gradient of a river valley (terrace-floodplain-river) and reveal possible causes of the observed effects.
评估水生生态系统的遗传毒性对于环境管理、水生态质量评估以及健康安全至关重要。在像西伯利亚这样的广大地区，河流中水的遗传毒性数据几乎缺失。研究人员对河漫滩关注不足，但此类研究对于评估河流系统的生态状况很重要，因为大量有毒和遗传毒性物质积聚在河漫滩。鄂毕河与额尔齐斯河河间地区的一个独特特征是其广阔的河漫滩，这是北半球最大的河漫滩，发挥着该地区的关键生态功能。这个河流系统的独特之处不仅在于规模巨大，还在于春夏洪水异常持久且规模巨大，以及复杂生物群落的形成。在这篇数据文章中，我们首次提供了世界最长支流额尔齐斯河流域（西西伯利亚）的遗传毒性数据。从5个地点采集了水样：额尔齐斯河、河漫滩地点（吉瓦亚河、穆赫里纳河、巴伊巴拉克河）和阶地（博格穆赫里诺）。采用洋葱试验评估遗传毒性效应。该方法是推荐用于水的快速遗传毒性筛查的生物测定方法之一。进行了后期染色体畸变试验和微核试验以确定遗传毒性效应。获得了有丝分裂指数和其他阶段指数的数据。水的遗传毒性效应数据还伴有理化参数数据。数据表明，河漫滩水域积累了外来有机物质，显然是由高水位带来的。这决定了河漫滩水域遗传毒性的增加。这些数据使其他研究人员能够对河谷景观梯度（阶地 - 河漫滩 - 河流）上天然水的遗传毒性进行综合分析，并揭示观察到的效应的可能原因。
