Chandel Heena, Kumar Prateek, Chandel Anuj K, Verma Madan L
Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Himachal Pradesh, 177209 India.
Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São, Paulo-12.602.810, Brazil.
Biomass Convers Biorefin. 2022 May 4:1-23. doi: 10.1007/s13399-022-02746-0.
Globally, the fossil fuel reserves are depleting rapidly and the escalating fuel prices as well as plethora of the pollutants released from the emission of burning fossil fuels cause global warming that massively disturb the ecological balance. Moreover, the unnecessary utilization of non-renewable energy sources is a genuine hazard to nature and economic stability, which demands an alternative renewable source of energy. The lignocellulosic biomass is the pillar of renewable sources of energy. Different conventional pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic feedstocks have employed for biofuel production. However, these pretreatments are associated with disadvantages such as high cost of chemical substances, high load of organic catalysts or mechanical equipment, time consuming, and production of toxic inhibitors causing the environmental pollution. Nanotechnology has shown the promised biorefinery results by overcoming the disadvantages associated with the conventional pretreatments. Recyclability of nanomaterials offers cost effective and economically viable biorefineries processes. Lignolytic and saccharolytic enzymes have immobilized onto/into the nanomaterials for the higher biocatalyst loading due to their inherent properties of high surface area to volume ratios. Nanobiocatalyst enhance the hydrolyzing process of pretreated biomass by their high penetration into the cell wall to disintegrate the complex carbohydrates for the release of high amounts of sugars towards biofuel and various by-products production. Different nanotechnological routes provide cost-effective bioenergy production from the rich repertoires of the forest and agricultural-based lignocellulosic biomass. In this article, a critical survey of diverse biomass pretreatment methods and the nanotechnological interventions for opening up the biomass structure has been carried out.
在全球范围内，化石燃料储备正在迅速枯竭，燃料价格不断上涨，以及燃烧化石燃料排放出的大量污染物导致全球变暖，极大地扰乱了生态平衡。此外，不可再生能源的不必要使用对自然和经济稳定构成了真正的威胁，这就需要一种替代的可再生能源。木质纤维素生物质是可再生能源的支柱。木质纤维素原料的不同传统预处理方法已被用于生物燃料生产。然而，这些预处理存在一些缺点，如化学物质成本高、有机催化剂或机械设备负荷大、耗时，以及产生有毒抑制剂导致环境污染。纳米技术通过克服与传统预处理相关的缺点，已显示出有前景的生物精炼成果。纳米材料的可回收性提供了具有成本效益和经济可行性的生物精炼过程。由于木质素分解酶和糖分解酶具有高表面积与体积比的固有特性，已被固定在纳米材料上/内，以实现更高的生物催化剂负载量。纳米生物催化剂通过高度渗透到细胞壁中，分解复杂碳水化合物，释放大量糖类用于生物燃料和各种副产品生产，从而增强预处理生物质的水解过程。不同的纳米技术路线可从丰富的森林和农业木质纤维素生物质资源中提供具有成本效益的生物能源生产。在本文中，对各种生物质预处理方法以及用于打开生物质结构的纳米技术干预进行了批判性综述。
