Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2023 Dec;69:108265. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108265. Epub 2023 Oct 1.
Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, the overly exploited resource has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging strategy to replace traditional fossil fuels. Value-added lignin biomass reduces the waste pollution in the environment and provides a green path of conversion to obtain renewable resources. The technology is designed to produce biofuels, biomaterials and value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In the biorefinery process, the pretreatment step is required to reduce the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose biomass and improve the enzymatic digestion. There is still a gap in the full and deep understanding of the biorefinery process including the pretreatment process, thus it is necessary to provide optimized and adapted biorefinery solutions to cope with the conversion process in different biorefineries to further provide efficiency in industrial applications. Current research progress on value-added applications of lignocellulosic biomass still stagnates at the biofuel phase, and there is a lack of comprehensive discussion of emerging potential applications. This review article explores the advantages, disadvantages and properties of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological pretreatment methods. Value-added bioproducts produced from lignocellulosic biomass were comprehensively evaluated in terms of encompassing biochemical products , cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, potent functional materials from cellulose and lignin, waste management alternatives, multifunctional carbon materials and eco-friendly products. This review article critically identifies research-related to sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass to promote the development of green chemistry and to facilitate the refinement of high-value, environmentally-friendly materials. In addition, to align commercialized practice of lignocellulosic biomass application towards the 21st century, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lignocellulosic biomass biorefining and the utilization of biorefinery green technologies is further analyzed as being considered sustainable, including having potential benefits in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts. This facilitates sustainability options for biorefinery processes by providing policy makers with intuitive evaluation and guidance.
城市化推动了对化石燃料的需求，然而，过度开采的资源对环境污染造成了严重破坏。利用丰富的木质纤维素生物质进行生物炼制是替代传统化石燃料的一种新兴策略。增值木质素生物质减少了环境中的废物污染，并为获得可再生资源提供了绿色转化途径。该技术旨在从木质纤维素生物质中生产生物燃料、生物材料和增值产品。在生物炼制过程中，需要进行预处理步骤来降低木质纤维素生物质的顽固性结构并提高酶解效率。人们对生物炼制过程（包括预处理过程）的全面和深入理解仍存在差距，因此有必要提供优化和适应的生物炼制解决方案，以应对不同生物炼制厂的转化过程，从而进一步提高工业应用的效率。目前，木质纤维素生物质增值应用的研究进展仍停留在生物燃料阶段，缺乏对新兴潜在应用的全面讨论。本文探讨了物理、化学、物理化学和生物预处理方法的优点、缺点和特性。从涵盖生化产品、化妆品、制药、纤维素和木质素的潜在功能材料、废物管理替代品、多功能碳材料和环保产品的角度，对木质纤维素生物质增值生物制品进行了综合评价。本文批判性地确定了与木质纤维素生物质可持续性相关的研究，以促进绿色化学的发展，并促进高附加值、环保材料的精细化。此外，为了使木质纤维素生物质应用的商业化实践与 21 世纪保持一致，本文对木质纤维素生物质生物炼制进行了全面分析，并进一步分析了生物炼制绿色技术的利用被认为是可持续的，因为它在环境、经济和社会影响方面具有潜在的好处。这为生物炼制过程的可持续性选择提供了直观的评估和指导，为决策者提供了便利。
