Shang Borui, Duan Yanping, Brehm Walter, Liang Wei
Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 22;13:854855. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854855. eCollection 2022.
Individuals with irregular physical activity (PA) participation are defined as fluctuators. This study aimed to comprehend how fluctuators' perceived barriers and motivators in their subjective theories are exhibited and cognitively represented in relation to their everyday PA practices and lapses.
The design of "Research Program Subjective Theories" was used to explore and present fluctuators' cognition concerning PA participation. Thirty fluctuators were invited to a semi-structured interview. By inductive and deductive coding, fluctuators' verbal data were converted into word categories for extracting commonalities and comparing differences. By retaining the remaining word categories of high frequency and exploring the interrelationships among the remained word categories using statistical analyses, a superstructure (i.e., visualized representation of fluctuators' overall cognition) including fluctuators' main PA motivators, barriers, and behavioral outcomes was compiled.
Fluctuators face common motivators as barriers, such as lack of time, lack of willpower, lack of social support, and physical reasons (discomfort, injuries, or diseases). Fluctuators' subjective theories primarily differed in motivational configurations. The physically motivated fluctuators (i.e., those predominantly motivated by physically related motivators) were more linked with low PA level, while the mixed motivated fluctuators (i.e., motivated by both physically related and emotionally or socially related motivators) were more likely associated with moderate PA level. The exemplars of the three typical fluctuators were also demonstrated to reveal their real experiences and situations in the daily life context.
Due to the fact that fluctuation research is still in its infancy, this study represents a significant opportunity to promote knowledge growth in this area. Future studies are recommended to convert findings of the present study into interventions that benefit fluctuators in overcoming perceived barriers and enhancing motivations to eventually participate in regular PA.
身体活动（PA）参与不规律的个体被定义为波动者。本研究旨在了解波动者在其主观理论中的感知障碍和动机是如何与他们的日常PA实践及中断情况相关联并在认知上得以体现的。
采用“研究项目主观理论”设计来探索并呈现波动者对PA参与的认知。邀请30名波动者进行半结构化访谈。通过归纳和演绎编码，将波动者的言语数据转换为词类，以提取共性并比较差异。通过保留高频的剩余词类，并使用统计分析探索剩余词类之间的相互关系，编制了一个上层结构（即波动者整体认知的可视化表示），包括波动者的主要PA动机、障碍和行为结果。
波动者面临着共同的动机作为障碍，如缺乏时间、缺乏意志力、缺乏社会支持以及身体原因（不适、受伤或疾病）。波动者的主观理论主要在动机配置方面存在差异。以身体为动机的波动者（即主要由与身体相关的动机驱动的人）与低PA水平的关联更强，而混合动机的波动者（即由与身体相关以及情感或社会相关的动机共同驱动的人）更有可能与中等PA水平相关联。还展示了三个典型波动者的示例，以揭示他们在日常生活背景中的真实经历和情况。
由于波动研究仍处于起步阶段，本研究为促进该领域的知识增长提供了一个重要契机。建议未来的研究将本研究的结果转化为干预措施，以帮助波动者克服感知到的障碍并增强动机，最终参与规律的PA。
