Leinhas J L, McCaskill C C, Sampson H A
J Am Diet Assoc. 1987 May;87(5):604-8.
Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges were used to determine the presence or absence of food hypersensitivity in 120 children with atopic dermatitis. Foods to be challenged were selected on the basis of history, allergy skin tests, nutritional significance, and patient desires. Dehydrated foods were hidden in capsules or juice and administered twice a day. Antigens were obtained commercially or prepared through a process of freeze-drying and subsequent pulverization. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, nasal, and/or respiratory symptoms occurred following 133 challenges. Although patients exhibited multiple positive skin tests to foods, 86% experienced a positive response on blinded challenge to only one or two foods. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges accurately diagnose food hypersensitivity and minimize the number of foods eliminated from allergy avoidance diets. A new method of elimination diet management and education is based on the identification of "key words" on food labels. Instructional diet sheets were developed to teach this concept, which was found to promote greater confidence, compliance, and creativity in diet planning.
采用双盲安慰剂对照食物激发试验来确定120例特应性皮炎患儿是否存在食物过敏。根据病史、过敏皮肤试验、营养重要性和患者意愿选择要激发的食物。脱水食物被藏于胶囊或果汁中，每天服用两次。抗原通过商业途径获得或经过冷冻干燥及后续粉碎过程制备。133次激发试验后出现了皮肤、胃肠道、鼻部和/或呼吸道症状。尽管患者对多种食物的皮肤试验呈阳性，但86%的患者在盲法激发试验中仅对一两种食物有阳性反应。双盲安慰剂对照食物激发试验能准确诊断食物过敏，并尽量减少从避免过敏饮食中排除的食物数量。一种新的排除饮食管理和教育方法基于识别食物标签上的“关键词”。制定了指导性饮食表来传授这一概念，结果发现该概念能在饮食计划中增强信心、提高依从性并激发创造力。
