Elsenburg Agricultural Training Institute, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Private Bag X01, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, North-West University, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
Department of Animal Science, North-West University, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Jul;105(7):5813-5821. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21535. Epub 2022 May 6.
Influence of supplementing Moringa olifeira leaf meal (MOLM) to Holstein cows on (1) colostrum yield and quality and (2) immunoglobulin (IgG) absorption in dairy calves during the colostrum stage was evaluated in the study. Thirty-two pregnant Holstein cows were blocked by weight and expected day of calving and randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments during a 6-wk dry period: (1) no additive (CON) or (2) 16.66 g of MOLM/100 kg of body weight (MOLM). Cows were dosed daily from d -35 to 0 relative to calving. All cows received a dry period total mixed ration (TMR). At calving, calves were weighed immediately after birth and blood was sampled before receiving colostrum from their respective dams. Calves received their first colostrum meal within 2.5 h of birth. Calves received their first and second feedings of colostrum from the first-harvest colostrum. Cows' blood was sampled to determine IgG, whereas calves were blood sampled to determine the IgG, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and malondialdehyde. Colostrum composition (protein, fat, lactose, total solids, ash, and metabolizable energy) was also determined. The results of the study showed that MOLM did not affect dry matter intake in dams, body weight change, body condition score, colostrum yield, or calf birth weight. The colostrum harvested from MOLM-fed cows was higher in composition (fat, protein lactose, and total solids). Colostrum IgG was greater from cows that received MOLM compared with control from all 6 colostrum harvests. Calves born to MOLM-fed cows were characterized by higher blood glucose whereas lipid peroxidation (nonesterified fatty acids and malondialdehyde) was greatly reduced. Although the level of 16.6 g of MOLM/100 kg of BW did not affect the dam's body weight, calf birth weight and colostrum yield, higher quality colostrum, and higher IgG absorption in newborn calves could be achieved when that MOLM level is supplemented to dairy cows as late as 5 wk prepartum. The increased glucose with reduced lipid peroxidation after receiving maternal MOLM suggests that MOLM can be used as a feed additive not only to improve dams' immunity but to also improve health in early days of life in dairy calf.
本研究评估了在荷斯坦奶牛干奶期补充辣木叶粉（MOLM）对（1）初乳产量和质量和（2）犊牛在初乳期免疫球蛋白（IgG）吸收的影响。32 头怀孕荷斯坦奶牛按体重和预计产犊日分为两组，在 6 周干奶期内分别接受以下两种处理之一：（1）无添加剂（CON）或（2）16.66 克 MOLM/100 公斤体重（MOLM）。奶牛从产前-35 天至 0 天每天接受一次剂量。所有奶牛均接受干奶期全混合日粮（TMR）。产犊时，犊牛在出生后立即称重，并在接受初乳前从各自的母牛身上采集血液。犊牛在出生后 2.5 小时内接受第一次初乳。犊牛接受第一次和第二次初乳喂食来自第一次收获的初乳。采集奶牛的血液以确定 IgG，而采集犊牛的血液以确定 IgG、葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸和丙二醛。还确定了初乳成分（蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、总固体、灰分和可代谢能量）。研究结果表明，MOLM 不影响奶牛的干物质摄入量、体重变化、体况评分、初乳产量或犊牛出生体重。从 MOLM 喂养的奶牛中收获的初乳在组成（脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖和总固体）上更高。与对照组相比，接受 MOLM 的奶牛的初乳 IgG 更高，从所有 6 次初乳收获中都可以看出。MOLM 喂养的奶牛所生的犊牛具有更高的血糖水平，而脂质过氧化（非酯化脂肪酸和丙二醛）则大大降低。尽管 16.6 克 MOLM/100 公斤 BW 的水平不会影响奶牛的体重，但在产前 5 周补充这种 MOLM 水平可以获得更高质量的初乳和新生犊牛更高的 IgG 吸收。接受母体 MOLM 后葡萄糖增加而脂质过氧化减少表明，MOLM 不仅可以用作饲料添加剂来提高奶牛的免疫力，还可以改善犊牛生命早期的健康状况。
