Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, E21071, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, E21071, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 1):134853. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134853. Epub 2022 May 7.
Trace element concentrations within PM10, gaseous pollutants (NO and SO), and PM10 levels were studied during the Covid-19 lockdown at a regional level in Southern Spain (Andalusia). Pollutant concentrations were compared considering different mobility periods (pre-lockdown, lockdown, and relaxation) in 2020 and previous years (2013-2016). An acute decrease in NO levels (<50%) was observed as a consequence of traffic diminution during the confinement period. Moreover, a lower reduction in PM10 levels and a non-clear pattern for SO levels were observed. During the lockdown period, PM10 elements released from traffic emissions (Sn and Sb) showed the highest concentration diminution in the study area. Regarding the primary industrial sites, there were no significant differences in V, Ni, La, and Cr concentration reduction during 2020 associated with industrial activity (stainless steel and oil refinery) in Algeciras Bay. Similarly, concentrations of Zn showed the same behaviour at Cordoba, indicating that the Zn-smelter activity was not affected by the lockdown. Nevertheless, stronger reductions of Cu, Zn, and As in Huelva during the confinement period indicated a decrease in the nearby Cu-smelter emissions. Brick factories in Bailen were also influenced by the confinement measures, as corroborated by the marked decrease in concentrations of Ni, V, Cu, and Zn during the lockdown compared to that from previous years. This work has shown the baseline concentrations of trace elements of PM10, which is of great value to air quality managers in order to minimise pollution levels by applying the confinement of the population, affecting both traffic and industrial anthropogenic activities.
在西班牙南部（安达卢西亚）的区域水平上，研究了 COVID-19 封锁期间 PM10 中的微量元素浓度、气态污染物（NO 和 SO）和 PM10 水平。考虑到 2020 年和前几年（2013-2016 年）的不同流动时期（封锁前、封锁中和放松期），比较了污染物浓度。由于禁闭期间交通减少，NO 水平（<50%）观察到明显下降。此外，PM10 水平的降低幅度较小，SO 水平的模式不清晰。在封锁期间，从交通排放中释放的 PM10 元素（Sn 和 Sb）在研究区域内显示出最高的浓度降低。关于主要工业场所，2020 年与工业活动（阿尔赫西拉斯湾的不锈钢和炼油厂）相关的 La、Cr、Ni 和 V 浓度降低没有显着差异。同样，在科尔多瓦，Zn 的浓度也表现出相同的行为，表明锌冶炼厂的活动不受封锁的影响。然而，在封锁期间，韦尔瓦的 Cu、Zn 和 As 的浓度更强降低表明附近的铜冶炼厂排放减少。巴伊伦的砖厂也受到了封锁措施的影响，与前几年相比，封锁期间 Ni、V、Cu 和 Zn 的浓度明显下降证实了这一点。这项工作显示了 PM10 中微量元素的基线浓度，这对于空气质量管理者来说非常有价值，以便通过限制人口流动来最大限度地降低污染水平，从而影响交通和工业人为活动。
