From the Department of Prevention and Research (Alnjeidi), National Family Safety Program; from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Alharthy), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Badri), College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Population Health Section (Alghnam), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Med J. 2022 May;43(5):508-513. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.5.20210923.
To describe characteristics, mechanism, and factors associated with morbidity and mortality of pediatrics with burn injuries.
This cross-sectional retrospective study examined all pediatrics with burn injuries carried out at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2015-2020. Collected data included demographics, mechanism of burn, total body surface area (TBSA) burned, body region burned, incidence of infection, renal failure, scars, and respiratory events.
The study included 370 patients. Approximately 47.0% were aged ≤2 years, and 61.0% were males. The most common burn mechanism was scald burn (54%), 59.2% had a TBSA of 0-10%, and 60.3% had regional burns on the upper limbs. During follow-up, 5 patients died (incidence rate [IR]=1.60/100 patient/years [PYs]). Morbidity events included blood/sepsis infection (IR=2.87/100 PYs), urine infection (IR=8.30/100 PYs), wound infection (IR=21.72/100 PYs), renal failure (IR=0.96/100 PYs), and respiratory infections (IR=1.60/100 PYs). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, factors independently associated with combined hazard of morbidity and mortality were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]=1.64, 95% confidence intervel [CI]: [1.01-2.67], =0.047), TBSA (HR=3.20, 95% CI: [1.828-5.585], <0.0001), and length of hospital stay (HR=3.14, 95% CI: [1.91-5.17], =0.000).
This study identifies certain characteristics suggestive of poor outcomes of pediatric burn injuries that are relevant to clinical management and prevention programs. Larger multicenter studies are required to fully characterize pediatric patients with burn injuries and to identify factors that adversely affect their prognosis.
描述儿科烧伤患者发病率和死亡率的特征、机制及相关因素。
本回顾性横断面研究纳入了 2015 年至 2020 年在沙特阿拉伯利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城接受治疗的所有儿科烧伤患者。收集的数据包括人口统计学特征、烧伤机制、总体表面积（TBSA）烧伤面积、身体烧伤部位、感染发生率、肾衰竭、疤痕和呼吸事件。
该研究纳入了 370 名患者。约 47.0%的患者年龄≤2 岁，61.0%为男性。最常见的烧伤机制是烫伤（54%），59.2%的患者 TBSA 为 0-10%，60.3%的患者上肢有区域性烧伤。在随访期间，有 5 名患者死亡（发病率[IR]为 1.60/100 患者/年[PYs]）。发病率事件包括血液/败血症感染（IR=2.87/100 PYs）、尿路感染（IR=8.30/100 PYs）、伤口感染（IR=21.72/100 PYs）、肾衰竭（IR=0.96/100 PYs）和呼吸道感染（IR=1.60/100 PYs）。在多变量 Cox 回归分析中，与发病率和死亡率综合风险相关的独立因素是女性（风险比[HR]=1.64，95%置信区间[CI]：[1.01-2.67]，=0.047）、TBSA（HR=3.20，95%CI：[1.828-5.585]，<0.0001）和住院时间（HR=3.14，95%CI：[1.91-5.17]，=0.000）。
本研究确定了某些特征提示儿科烧伤患者的预后不良，这些特征与临床管理和预防方案有关。需要更大规模的多中心研究来充分描述儿科烧伤患者，并确定对其预后产生不利影响的因素。
