Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Bee Diseases, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald Isle of Riems, Germany.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e2506-e2515. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14593. Epub 2022 May 24.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus classified as family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The first WNV outbreak in humans in the Republic of Serbia was recorded in 2012. Equids and dogs can show clinical symptoms after WNV infection and are often used as sentinels. This study aimed to (i) give insight into seropositivity for WNV in clinically healthy dog and horse sera in different regions of Serbia and (ii) compare diagnostic value of 'in-house' and commercially available indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) tests to 'gold standard' virus neutralization test (VNT). Due to cross-reactivity, sera were tested for Usutu virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in VNT based on the epidemiological data of field presence. Blood sera of dogs (n = 184) and horses (n = 232) were collected from 2011 to 2013. The seropositivity was confirmed by VNT in 36.9 % tested dog sera and 34.9% tested horse sera with highest positivity in regions near two big rivers, while in four dog and seven horse sera, positivity resulted from Usutu virus infection. Comparative results of diagnostic tests in dogs ranged from 18.7 % seropositivity by 'in-house' ELISA to 31.9% by commercially available ELISA. In horses, seropositivity ranged from 36.2% by 'in-house' IFA to 32.5% by commercially available IFA and from 26.3% by 'in-house' IgG ELISA to 20.9% by commercially available ELISA. There were no statistically significant differences according to the McNemar test between 'in-house' and commercially available IFA and ELISA test in horse sera, while the same was not true for two ELISAs used in dog sera (χ = 8.647, p = .003). Established seropositivity in dogs and horses was in accordance with the epidemiological situation and WNV spread in the Republic of Serbia and proven Usutu virus co-circulation. 'In-house' tests remain a valuable tool in early diagnostics of WNV.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种人畜共患的蚊媒病毒，属于黄病毒科和黄病毒属。WNV 首次在塞尔维亚共和国的人类中爆发是在 2012 年。马属动物和犬在感染 WNV 后可能出现临床症状，且常被用作哨兵。本研究旨在：（i）了解塞尔维亚不同地区临床健康犬和马血清中 WNV 的血清阳性率；（ii）比较“内部”和市售间接免疫荧光（IFA）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）与“金标准”病毒中和试验（VNT）在诊断中的价值。由于交叉反应，根据现场存在的流行病学数据，在 VNT 中对乌苏图病毒和蜱传脑炎病毒的血清进行了检测。2011 年至 2013 年，从犬（n=184）和马（n=232）采集了血清。在 36.9%的犬血清和 34.9%的马血清中通过 VNT 确认了血清阳性率，在靠近两条大河的地区阳性率最高，而在 4 份犬血清和 7 份马血清中，阳性结果是由乌苏图病毒感染引起的。在犬中，诊断测试的比较结果从“内部”ELISA 的 18.7%血清阳性率到市售 ELISA 的 31.9%不等。在马中，血清阳性率从“内部”IFA 的 36.2%到市售 IFA 的 32.5%不等，从“内部”IgG ELISA 的 26.3%到市售 ELISA 的 20.9%不等。马血清中“内部”和市售 IFA 和 ELISA 试验之间没有统计学差异（根据 McNemar 检验），而在犬血清中则并非如此（χ2=8.647，p=0.003）。在犬和马中建立的血清阳性率与塞尔维亚的流行病学情况和 WNV 的传播情况以及证实的乌苏图病毒的共同传播情况相符。“内部”试验仍然是 WNV 早期诊断的有价值工具。
