Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand.
Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P O Box 84, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand.
BMC Microbiol. 2022 May 10;22(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02520-2.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a threat to grape production worldwide, with a diverse collection of fungal species implicated in disease onset. Due to the long-term and complex nature of GTDs, simultaneous detection of multiple microbial species can enhance understanding of disease development. We used DNA metabarcoding of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, supported by specific PCR and microbial isolation, to establish the presence of trunk pathogens across 11 vineyards (11-26 years old) over three years in Marlborough, the largest wine producing region in New Zealand. Using a reference database of trunk pathogen sequences, species previously associated with GTD, such as Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum australe, and Seimatosporium vitis, were identified as highly represented across the vineyard region. The well-known pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Eutypa lata had especially high relative abundance across the dataset, with P. chlamydospora reads present between 22 and 84% (average 52%) across the vineyards. Screening of sequences against broader, publicly available databases revealed further fungal species within families and orders known to contain pathogens, many of which appeared to be endemic to New Zealand. The presence of several wood-rotting basidiomycetes (mostly Hymenochaetales) was detected for the first time in the Marlborough vineyard region, notably, the native Inonotus nothofagii which was present at 1-2% relative abundance in two vineyards.
葡萄蔓枯病（GTDs）是全球葡萄生产的威胁，多种真菌物种被牵连到疾病的发生。由于 GTDs 的长期性和复杂性，同时检测多种微生物物种可以增强对疾病发展的理解。我们使用核糖体内部转录间隔区 1（ITS1）序列的 DNA 宏条形码，辅以特定的 PCR 和微生物分离，在三年内在马尔堡（新西兰最大的葡萄酒产区）的 11 个葡萄园（11-26 年）中建立了蔓枯病病原体的存在。使用一个蔓枯病病原体序列的参考数据库，先前与 GTD 相关的物种，如 Cadophora luteo-olivacea、Diplodia seriata、Diplodia mutila、Neofusicoccum australe 和 Seimatosporium vitis，被确定在整个葡萄园地区高度存在。众所周知的病原体 Phaeomoniella chlamydospora 和 Eutypa lata 在整个数据集的相对丰度特别高，P. chlamydospora 的读取在葡萄园之间的存在率为 22%至 84%（平均为 52%）。对更广泛的、公开可用的数据库的序列筛选揭示了更多属于已知病原体的真菌科和目，其中许多似乎是新西兰特有的。几种木质腐朽担子菌（主要是 Hymenochaetales）首次在马尔堡葡萄园地区被检测到，特别是在两个葡萄园中相对丰度为 1-2%的本地 Inonotus nothofagii。
