Agustí-Brisach C, León M, García-Jiménez J, Armengol J
Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain.
Plant Dis. 2015 Jul;99(7):976-981. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1283-RE. Epub 2015 May 15.
Four vineyards visibly affected by trunk diseases were surveyed at pruning time in 2012 and 2013 in Spain, to determine whether pruning tools are capable of spreading grapevine trunk diseases from vine to vine. In each vineyard, pruning shears were regularly rinsed with sterile water, collecting liquid samples for analysis. Molecular detection of grapevine fungal trunk pathogens (GFTPs) was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Eutypa lata, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. All of these GFTPs, with the exception of E. lata, were detected in samples from the four vineyards, C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. Co-occurrence of two, three, or four different GFTPs from the same sample were found, the simultaneous detection of C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. In addition, fungal isolation from liquid samples in semiselective culture medium for C. luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and P. chlamydospora was also performed but only C. luteo-olivacea was recovered from samples collected in three of four vineyards evaluated. Pruning shears artificially infested with suspensions of conidia or mycelial fragments of C. luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, E. lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were used to prune 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of '110 Richter' rootstock. Successful fungal reisolation from the cuttings 4 months after pruning confirmed that infested pruning shears were able to infect them through pruning wounds. These results improve knowledge about the epidemiology of GFTPs and demonstrate the potential of inoculum present on pruning shears to infect grapevines.
2012年和2013年在西班牙修剪葡萄藤时，对四个明显受蔓部病害影响的葡萄园进行了调查，以确定修剪工具是否能够在葡萄藤之间传播葡萄蔓部病害。在每个葡萄园中，定期用无菌水冲洗修枝剪，收集液体样本进行分析。通过巢式聚合酶链反应，使用特异性引物检测葡萄藤真菌蔓部病原体（GFTPs），以检测葡萄座腔菌科物种、欧洲葡萄座腔菌、橄榄色卡多孢菌、嗜管囊霉属物种和多隔球座菌。除欧洲葡萄座腔菌外，所有这些GFTPs均在四个葡萄园的样本中被检测到，橄榄色卡多孢菌和嗜管囊霉属物种最为常见。在同一样本中发现了两种、三种或四种不同GFTPs的共现情况，同时检测到橄榄色卡多孢菌和嗜管囊霉属物种最为常见。此外，还在用于分离橄榄色卡多孢菌、嗜管囊霉属物种和多隔球座菌的半选择性培养基中，从液体样本中进行真菌分离，但仅在四个评估葡萄园中三个葡萄园采集的样本中分离出了橄榄色卡多孢菌。用含有橄榄色卡多孢菌、葡萄座腔菌、欧洲葡萄座腔菌、嗜管囊霉和多隔球座菌分生孢子或菌丝片段悬浮液人工感染的修枝剪，对“110 Richter”砧木的一年生葡萄插条进行修剪。修剪4个月后，从插条上成功重新分离出真菌，证实受感染的修枝剪能够通过修剪伤口感染它们。这些结果增进了对GFTPs流行病学的了解，并证明了修枝剪上存在的接种体感染葡萄藤的可能性。
