Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cellular Cultures, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "N. Testemitanu", Chisinau, Moldova.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Jun;8(3):757-762. doi: 10.1002/cre2.586. Epub 2022 May 11.
While various approaches are available for tooth whitening, the basic concept employs the use of peroxides in the form of gels, which are applied to tooth surfaces. Previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species acting as potent disinfectants can be produced using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the electrolysis of water. With these electrodes being applicable, for example, for endodontic treatment, it was the goal of this pilot study to use such electrodes for tooth whitening.
Two groups (n = 10) of intact clinical crowns were obtained by horizontally cutting off roots of extracted human teeth. The crowns were either bleached by applying a commercially available agent based on 40% hydrogen peroxide or were immersed in saline undergoing electrolysis with BDD electrodes. Whitening of specimens was judged on standardized photographs by examiners with three different levels of experience. Statistical analysis was based on Gwet's AC2 coefficient with quadratic weights, Shapiro-Wilk tests, and two-way analysis of variance of aligned rank transformed data (level of significance set at α = .05).
Levels of reliability ranging from fair to substantial were recorded for single persons while the level of reliability ranged between fair and moderate for groups of raters. The level of experience had no significant effect on the ratings (p = .2500). The bleaching method had a significant effect on ratings (p = .0005) with BDD electrodes showing less effect.
Bleaching by applying BDD electrodes was possible, but was not as effective as the use of commercially available in-office whitening gel. A potential explanation may be seen in different concentrations of reactive oxygen species.
尽管有多种方法可用于牙齿美白，但基本概念是使用凝胶形式的过氧化物，将其应用于牙齿表面。先前的研究表明，使用掺硼金刚石（BDD）电极电解水可以产生作为强力消毒剂的活性氧物质。由于这些电极可用于例如牙髓治疗，因此本初步研究的目的是使用这些电极进行牙齿美白。
通过水平切割离体人牙的牙根获得两组（n=10）完整的临床牙冠。牙冠通过应用基于 40%过氧化氢的市售制剂进行漂白，或者在 BDD 电极作用下浸泡在盐水中进行电解。由具有三种不同经验水平的检验员在标准化照片上判断标本的美白效果。统计分析基于具有二次权重的 Gwet 的 AC2 系数、Shapiro-Wilk 检验和对齐等级变换数据的双向方差分析（置信水平设置为 α=0.05）。
单人的可靠性水平从一般到相当高，而评定者组的可靠性水平在一般到中等之间。经验水平对评分没有显著影响（p=0.2500）。漂白方法对评分有显著影响（p=0.0005），BDD 电极的效果较小。
通过施加 BDD 电极进行漂白是可能的，但不如使用市售的诊室美白凝胶有效。潜在的解释可能是活性氧物质的浓度不同。
