Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2022 Jun 1;146:20-35. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.040. Epub 2022 May 8.
Dredging is an essential technique to maintain proper water depths in ports and bays. Many dredged sediments are considered as toxic waste due to their significant amounts of metals and other pollutants. In consequence, they need to be treated to reduce this toxicity and avoid pollutant resuspensions. Physical operations and chemical, thermal and biological processes have been conventionally used to this aim, but the traditional linear sediment approach is often unsustainable and economically and environmentally demanding. Considering the increasing people's awareness in environmental issues, more efficient dredged sediment management schemes are required. Some authors are making significant efforts to improve circularity in sediment management processes by taking advantage of the mineral composition of sediments to obtain products for the building and road construction sectors, therefore decreasing the need of raw materials while reducing the amounts of sediments wasted to landfills. However, information related to the characteristics of these products, their mechanical behaviour and their functionality is still scarce, being sediment-based by-products developed mainly at low Technological Readiness Level (TRL), showing low global impact in the market. To implement circular economy in the dredged sediment sector, some technical and socio-political barriers must be still overcome. To this aim, further research and technological applications must be developed, with the support of decision makers and stakeholders. This review aims at giving an overview of the circular trends applied to toxic dredged sediment management, pointing at current opportunities, barriers and constraints that hinder its wide development.
疏浚是维护港口和海湾水深的重要技术。由于大量金属和其他污染物的存在，许多疏浚沉积物被视为有毒废物。因此，需要对其进行处理以降低毒性并避免污染物再悬浮。传统上一直采用物理操作和化学、热和生物过程来达到这一目的，但传统的线性沉积物处理方法往往是不可持续的，而且在经济和环境方面都有很高的要求。考虑到人们对环境问题的意识不断提高，需要采用更有效的疏浚沉积物管理方案。一些作者正在努力通过利用沉积物的矿物成分来提高沉积物管理过程的循环性，从而获得建筑和道路建设部门所需的产品，从而减少对原材料的需求，同时减少运往垃圾填埋场的沉积物数量。然而，与这些产品的特性、机械性能及其功能相关的信息仍然很少，主要处于技术准备水平（TRL）较低的阶段开发的基于沉积物的副产品，在市场上的全球影响力较低。为了在疏浚沉积物领域实施循环经济，必须克服一些技术和社会政治障碍。为此，必须在决策者和利益相关者的支持下，开展进一步的研究和技术应用。本文综述了应用于有毒疏浚沉积物管理的循环趋势，指出了当前的机会、障碍和限制因素，这些因素阻碍了其广泛发展。
