Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001.
Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 Jan 28;47(1):109-115. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.200990.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modifications for eukaryotic mRNA. Under the catalytic regulation of relevant enzymes, m6A participates in the body's pathophysiological processes via mediating RNA transcription, splicing, translation, and decay. In the past, we mainly focused on the regulation of m6A in tumors such as hematological tumors, cervical cancer, breast cancer. In recent years, it has been found that m6A is enriched in mRNAs of neurogenesis, cell cycle, and neuron differentiation. Its regulation in the nervous system is gradually being recognized. When the level of m6A modification and the expression levels of relevant enzyme proteins are changed, it will cause neurological dysfunction and participate in the occurrence and conversion of neurological diseases. Recent studies have found that the m6A modification and its associated enzymes were involved in major depressive disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Fragile X syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury, and they also play a key role in the development of neurological diseases and many other neurological diseases. This paper mainly reviewed the recent progress of m6A modification-related enzymes, focusing on the impact of m6A modification and related enzyme-mediated regulation of gene expression on the central nervous system diseases, so as to provide potential targets for the prevention of neurological diseases.
N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）甲基化修饰是真核 mRNA 最常见的表观遗传修饰之一。在相关酶的催化调控下，m6A 通过介导 RNA 转录、剪接、翻译和降解，参与机体的病理生理过程。过去，我们主要关注 m6A 在血液肿瘤、宫颈癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤中的调控。近年来，研究发现 m6A 在神经发生、细胞周期和神经元分化的 mRNA 中富集，其在神经系统中的调控逐渐被认识。当 m6A 修饰水平和相关酶蛋白表达水平发生变化时，会引起神经功能障碍，并参与神经疾病的发生和转化。最近的研究发现，m6A 修饰及其相关酶参与了重度抑郁症、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、脆性 X 综合征、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和创伤性脑损伤等疾病，它们在神经退行性疾病和许多其他神经疾病的发展中也起着关键作用。本文主要综述了 m6A 修饰相关酶的最新研究进展，重点探讨了 m6A 修饰及其相关酶介导的基因表达调控对中枢神经系统疾病的影响，以期为神经疾病的防治提供潜在靶点。
